{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079699189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000427","title":"Automated Information Transformation for Automated Regulatory Compliance Checking in Construction","display_name":"Automated Information Transformation for Automated Regulatory Compliance Checking in Construction","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079699189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000427","mag":"2079699189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630296","display_name":"Jiansong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-5943","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-5943","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-9892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiansong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041397764","display_name":"Nora El-Gohary","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nora M. El-Gohary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 (corresponding author)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 (corresponding author)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":36.8446,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":161,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99486681,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.6807000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.6807000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.06520000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.06360000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-regulations","display_name":"building regulations","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-transformation","display_name":"information transformation","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-natural-language-processing","display_name":"rule-based natural language processing","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-information-science","display_name":"ontology (information science)","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottom-up-parsing","display_name":"bottom-up parsing","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-building-code","display_name":"International Building Code","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-requirements","display_name":"quantitative requirements","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"automated reasoning","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8011171817779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.6191133260726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.6105818152427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6011356115341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5485383868217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5230540037155151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.5201999545097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5007929801940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4998955726623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.42657142877578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67277372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449085","display_name":"Semantic role labeling","level":3,"score":0.41902029514312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41766321659088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41191065311431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4018796682357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39338457584381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2882089912891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37265549","https://openalex.org/W869788673","https://openalex.org/W1485627804","https://openalex.org/W1488560674","https://openalex.org/W1499641710","https://openalex.org/W1540571331","https://openalex.org/W1555257360","https://openalex.org/W1556755688","https://openalex.org/W1566346388","https://openalex.org/W1607983314","https://openalex.org/W1825943944","https://openalex.org/W1967622519","https://openalex.org/W1969536254","https://openalex.org/W2013696074","https://openalex.org/W2017586598","https://openalex.org/W2036430658","https://openalex.org/W2054644187","https://openalex.org/W2063152008","https://openalex.org/W2065594418","https://openalex.org/W2076383389","https://openalex.org/W2099122439","https://openalex.org/W2107930672","https://openalex.org/W2114276948","https://openalex.org/W2130848647","https://openalex.org/W2131587748","https://openalex.org/W2133109597","https://openalex.org/W2151170651","https://openalex.org/W2278110957","https://openalex.org/W2328913618","https://openalex.org/W2331507420","https://openalex.org/W2403804881","https://openalex.org/W2492159292","https://openalex.org/W2500384066","https://openalex.org/W2593168426","https://openalex.org/W2724881567","https://openalex.org/W2885050925","https://openalex.org/W2889171849","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331507420","https://openalex.org/W7096189526","https://openalex.org/W1967622519","https://openalex.org/W2327463324","https://openalex.org/W2166309505","https://openalex.org/W2512762676","https://openalex.org/W2099122439","https://openalex.org/W4417232425","https://openalex.org/W4409866168","https://openalex.org/W2144584432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,32],"fully":[1],"automate":[2],"regulatory":[3,9,19,47],"compliance":[4],"checking":[5],"of":[6,94,110,175],"construction":[7,18,46],"projects,":[8],"requirements":[10],"need":[11],"to":[12,106,143,155],"be":[13,58],"automatically":[14,42,180],"extracted":[15,181],"from":[16,45,182],"various":[17],"documents":[20,49],"and":[21,50,75,99,122,135,150,160,195,198],"then":[22],"transformed":[23],"into":[24,53,188],"a":[25,84],"formalized":[26],"format":[27],"that":[28,56],"enables":[29],"automated":[30,62],"reasoning.":[31,63],"address":[33],"this":[34],"need,":[35],"the":[36,69,76,108,111,133,157,162,183,202],"authors":[37],"propose":[38],"an":[39,128],"approach":[40],"for":[41,61],"extracting":[43],"information":[44,71,173],"textual":[48],"transforming":[51,172],"them":[52],"logic":[54,189],"clauses":[55],"could":[57],"directly":[59],"used":[60,105,131],"This":[64],"paper":[65],"focuses":[66],"on":[67,201],"presenting":[68],"proposed":[70,80,154,166],"transformation":[72,112],"(ITr)":[73],"methodology":[74,82],"corresponding":[77],"algorithms.":[78],"The":[79,165,191],"ITr":[81,167],"utilizes":[83],"rule-based,":[85],"semantic":[86,95,123],"natural":[87],"language":[88],"processing":[89],"(NLP)":[90],"approach.":[91],"A":[92,138,148],"set":[93],"mapping":[96],"(SeM)":[97],"rules":[98,103],"conflict":[100],"resolution":[101],"(CoR)":[102],"are":[104,130],"enable":[107],"automation":[109],"process.":[113],"Several":[114],"syntactic":[115],"text":[116,124],"features":[117,125],"(captured":[118,126],"using":[119,127],"NLP":[120],"techniques)":[121],"ontology)":[129],"in":[132,171],"SeM":[134,163],"CoR":[136],"rules.":[137,164],"bottom-up":[139,158],"method":[140,159],"is":[141,153],"leveraged":[142],"handle":[144],"complex":[145],"sentence":[146],"components.":[147],"consume":[149],"generate":[151],"mechanism":[152],"implement":[156],"execute":[161],"algorithms":[168,192],"were":[169,179],"tested":[170],"instances":[174],"quantitative":[176],"requirements,":[177],"which":[178],"International":[184],"Building":[185],"Code":[186],"2009,":[187],"clauses.":[190],"achieved":[193],"98.2":[194],"99.1%":[196],"precision":[197],"recall,":[199],"respectively,":[200],"testing":[203],"data.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-23T09:35:12.469056","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}