{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079638035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","title":"Sensitivity of tsunami evacuation modeling to direction and land cover assumptions","display_name":"Sensitivity of tsunami evacuation modeling to direction and land cover assumptions","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079638035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","mag":"2079638035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143622814002690/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115443327","display_name":"Applied Geography","issn_l":"0143-6228","issn":["0143-6228","1873-7730"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Geography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143622814002690/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028158538","display_name":"Mathew C. Schmidtlein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43522216","display_name":"California State University, Sacramento","ror":"https://ror.org/03e26wv14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43522216"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mathew C. Schmidtlein","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University, Sacramento, Department of Geography, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University, Sacramento, Department of Geography, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43522216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025895005","display_name":"Nathan Wood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021124","display_name":"Western Geographic Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00r1f3009","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I4392021124"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan J. Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Geographic Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 2130 SW 5th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Geographic Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 2130 SW 5th Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I4392021124"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028158538"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43522216"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"fwci":4.5331,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93772659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":null,"first_page":"154","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14146","display_name":"Earthquake and Tsunami Effects","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tsunami-evacuation","display_name":"tsunami evacuation","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-sensitivity","display_name":"model sensitivity","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-direction","display_name":"movement direction","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-sensitivity-analysis","display_name":"Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.6885716915130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.6120850443840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5457295179367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5008761882781982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206355099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3614972","display_name":"Hazard analysis","level":2,"score":0.47337621450424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4615727663040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.4389723837375641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.41322553157806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40755629539489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.29456305503845215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22521570324897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1921023428440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.16266056895256042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143622814002690/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115443327","display_name":"Applied Geography","issn_l":"0143-6228","issn":["0143-6228","1873-7730"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Geography","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.014","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143622814002690/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115443327","display_name":"Applied Geography","issn_l":"0143-6228","issn":["0143-6228","1873-7730"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Geography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2079638035.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2079638035.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596647807","https://openalex.org/W1510343741","https://openalex.org/W1969766059","https://openalex.org/W1980863634","https://openalex.org/W2001837659","https://openalex.org/W2007822532","https://openalex.org/W2049286950","https://openalex.org/W2053738289","https://openalex.org/W2068875301","https://openalex.org/W2125382225","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2169786201","https://openalex.org/W2175476056","https://openalex.org/W2498185067","https://openalex.org/W2582743722"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068875301","https://openalex.org/W7070595434","https://openalex.org/W7005044261","https://openalex.org/W6986377540","https://openalex.org/W2974904267","https://openalex.org/W6986187558","https://openalex.org/W7042429707","https://openalex.org/W7024020649","https://openalex.org/W2969935261","https://openalex.org/W7070365379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"anisotropic":[1],"least-cost-distance":[2],"(LCD)":[3],"modeling":[4,44,69],"is":[5],"becoming":[6],"a":[7,86,144],"common":[8],"tool":[9],"for":[10,85],"estimating":[11],"pedestrian-evacuation":[12],"travel":[13,196],"times":[14,80,84,97,102,118,181,215,227],"out":[15],"of":[16,42,56,68,73,88,119,152,171],"tsunami":[17,35],"hazard":[18],"zones,":[19],"there":[20],"has":[21],"been":[22],"insufficient":[23],"attention":[24],"paid":[25],"to":[26,48,70,81,107,162,232,242],"understanding":[27],"model":[28,141,158,173,191],"sensitivity":[29,67,174],"behind":[30],"the":[31,53,66,71,104,108,120,125,169],"estimates.":[32],"To":[33],"support":[34],"risk-reduction":[36],"planning,":[37],"we":[38,64,129],"explore":[39,65,130],"two":[40],"aspects":[41],"LCD":[43,157],"as":[45,59],"it":[46,124],"applies":[47],"pedestrian":[49],"evacuations":[50],"and":[51,115],"use":[52],"coastal":[54],"community":[55],"Seward,":[57],"Alaska,":[58],"our":[60],"case":[61],"study.":[62],"First,":[63],"direction":[72],"movement":[74],"by":[75],"comparing":[76],"standard":[77],"safety-to-hazard":[78,121],"evacuation":[79,83,96,101,110,180,214,226],"hazard-to-safety":[82,100,109],"sample":[87],"3985":[89],"points":[90],"in":[91,133,164,176,211],"Seward's":[92],"tsunami-hazard":[93],"zone.":[94],"Safety-to-hazard":[95],"slightly":[98,112,194],"overestimated":[99],"but":[103,221,230],"strong":[105],"relationship":[106],"times,":[111,220,236],"conservative":[113],"bias,":[114],"shorter":[116],"processing":[117],"approach":[122,147],"make":[123],"preferred":[126],"approach.":[127],"Second,":[128],"how":[131],"variations":[132],"land":[134,153,165,187],"cover":[135,154,166,188],"speed":[136],"conservation":[137],"values":[138],"(SCVs)":[139],"influence":[140],"performance":[142],"using":[143],"Monte":[145],"Carlo":[146],"with":[148,168,178,183,209,213,223,225],"one":[149],"thousand":[150],"sets":[151],"SCVs.":[155],"The":[156],"was":[159],"relatively":[160],"robust":[161],"changes":[163],"SCVs":[167],"magnitude":[170],"local":[172],"greatest":[175],"areas":[177],"higher":[179],"or":[182,185,245],"wetland":[184],"shore":[186],"types,":[189],"where":[190],"results":[192],"may":[193],"underestimate":[195],"times.":[197],"This":[198],"study":[199],"demonstrates":[200],"that":[201],"emergency":[202],"managers":[203],"should":[204],"be":[205],"concerned":[206],"not":[207],"only":[208],"populations":[210,224],"locations":[212],"greater":[216],"than":[217,229],"wave":[218,234],"arrival":[219,235],"also":[222],"lower":[228],"close":[231],"expected":[233],"particularly":[237],"if":[238],"they":[239],"are":[240],"required":[241],"cross":[243],"wetlands":[244],"beaches.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
