{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079356804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1553558","title":"Generation of Neurons and Astrocytes from Isolated Cells of the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System","display_name":"Generation of Neurons and Astrocytes from Isolated Cells of the Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079356804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1553558","mag":"2079356804","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1553558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.1553558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1553558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1553558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025557106","display_name":"Brent A. Reynolds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6273-7014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6273-7014"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brent A. Reynolds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Pathology, and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Pathology, and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089038043","display_name":"Samuel Weiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9190-563X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9190-563X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Pathology, and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Pathology, and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.9191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5412,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99527559,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"255","issue":"5052","first_page":"1707","last_page":"1710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10608","display_name":"Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10608","display_name":"Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-neurogenesis","display_name":"adult neurogenesis","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/striatum","display_name":"striatum","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuronal-differentiation","display_name":"neuronal differentiation","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocyte-differentiation","display_name":"astrocyte differentiation","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidermal-growth-factor","display_name":"epidermal growth factor","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nestin","display_name":"nestin","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroepithelial-stem-cells","display_name":"neuroepithelial stem cells","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba","display_name":"GABA","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-p","display_name":"substance P","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system","display_name":"central nervous system","score":0.5590000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4746552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456827","display_name":"Neurogenesis","level":2,"score":0.7474282383918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780062018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319792","display_name":"Striatum","level":3,"score":0.7340020537376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6865270733833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200707615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13652744","display_name":"Neuroepithelial cell","level":4,"score":0.6833643913269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777738006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906812","display_name":"Nestin","level":4,"score":0.6489620804786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.6248769164085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5117854475975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777542381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502961","display_name":"Astrocyte","level":3,"score":0.4500921666622162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.4350779056549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.4285218119621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545706735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9404","display_name":"Nervous system","level":2,"score":0.41396433115005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28328180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196","display_name":"Stem cell","level":2,"score":0.4053250551223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136834591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944097","display_name":"Neural stem cell","level":3,"score":0.30138957500457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.07808580994606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0636972188949585}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001253","descriptor_name":"Astrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001253","descriptor_name":"Astrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001253","descriptor_name":"Astrocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003342","descriptor_name":"Corpus Striatum","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003342","descriptor_name":"Corpus Striatum","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003342","descriptor_name":"Corpus Striatum","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004815","descriptor_name":"Epidermal Growth Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004815","descriptor_name":"Epidermal Growth Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004815","descriptor_name":"Epidermal Growth Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005455","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005455","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005455","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Antibody Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005904","descriptor_name":"Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005904","descriptor_name":"Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005904","descriptor_name":"Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007381","descriptor_name":"Intermediate Filament Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007381","descriptor_name":"Intermediate Filament Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007381","descriptor_name":"Intermediate Filament Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007382","descriptor_name":"Intermediate Filaments","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007382","descriptor_name":"Intermediate Filaments","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007382","descriptor_name":"Intermediate Filaments","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009419","descriptor_name":"Nerve Tissue Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009419","descriptor_name":"Nerve Tissue Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009419","descriptor_name":"Nerve Tissue Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010751","descriptor_name":"Phosphopyruvate Hydratase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010751","descriptor_name":"Phosphopyruvate Hydratase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010751","descriptor_name":"Phosphopyruvate Hydratase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016895","descriptor_name":"Culture Media, Serum-Free","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016895","descriptor_name":"Culture Media, Serum-Free","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016895","descriptor_name":"Culture Media, Serum-Free","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064231","descriptor_name":"Nestin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064231","descriptor_name":"Nestin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064231","descriptor_name":"Nestin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.1553558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1553558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1553558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1553558","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1553558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1189113796","https://openalex.org/W1746095826","https://openalex.org/W1775329494","https://openalex.org/W1968242750","https://openalex.org/W1973647216","https://openalex.org/W1973712296","https://openalex.org/W1980008415","https://openalex.org/W1982780398","https://openalex.org/W1983342728","https://openalex.org/W1987145582","https://openalex.org/W1995802332","https://openalex.org/W1997130926","https://openalex.org/W1999961963","https://openalex.org/W2010398513","https://openalex.org/W2017282701","https://openalex.org/W2050329524","https://openalex.org/W2066093703","https://openalex.org/W2089553250","https://openalex.org/W2095240672","https://openalex.org/W2119248217","https://openalex.org/W2127471857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1215934946","https://openalex.org/W2376947809","https://openalex.org/W2377887354","https://openalex.org/W2014586674","https://openalex.org/W2408865102","https://openalex.org/W2619900882","https://openalex.org/W2019531782","https://openalex.org/W2022432765","https://openalex.org/W2045039713","https://openalex.org/W3130449298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neurogenesis":[0],"in":[1,11,17,50,66,102],"the":[2,12,18,27,39,42,73,99,107,112],"mammalian":[3],"central":[4],"nervous":[5],"system":[6],"is":[7],"believed":[8],"to":[9,48,114],"end":[10],"period":[13],"just":[14],"after":[15,26,31],"birth;":[16],"mouse":[19,44,109],"striatum":[20,40,101,110],"no":[21],"new":[22],"neurons":[23,79,119],"are":[24],"produced":[25],"first":[28],"few":[29],"days":[30],"birth.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"study,":[35],"cells":[36,58,84,105],"isolated":[37],"from":[38],"of":[41,78,98,106],"adult":[43,100,108],"brain":[45],"were":[46,88],"induced":[47],"proliferate":[49],"vitro":[51],"by":[52],"epidermal":[53],"growth":[54],"factor.":[55],"The":[56],"proliferating":[57],"initially":[59],"expressed":[60],"nestin,":[61],"an":[62],"intermediate":[63],"filament":[64],"found":[65],"neuroepithelial":[67],"stem":[68],"cells,":[69],"and":[70,75,80,93,116,120],"subsequently":[71],"developed":[72],"morphology":[74,87],"antigenic":[76],"properties":[77],"astrocytes.":[81,121],"Newly":[82],"generated":[83],"with":[85],"neuronal":[86],"immunoreactive":[89],"for":[90],"gamma-aminobutyric":[91],"acid":[92],"substance":[94],"P,":[95],"two":[96],"neurotransmitters":[97],"vivo.":[103],"Thus,":[104],"have":[111],"capacity":[113],"divide":[115],"differentiate":[117],"into":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":116},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":120},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":149},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":141},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":159},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":168},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":209},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":235},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":249},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":294},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":319}],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}