{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079294142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.3.91","title":"Cracks in the Melting Pot: Immigration, School Choice, and Segregation","display_name":"Cracks in the Melting Pot: Immigration, School Choice, and Segregation","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079294142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.3.91","mag":"2079294142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/pol.4.3.91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.3.91","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.3.91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158011328","display_name":"American Economic Journal Economic Policy","issn_l":"1945-7731","issn":["1945-7731","1945-774X","1945-7812"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057269944","display_name":"Elizabeth Cascio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2912-9970","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2912-9970"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth U Cascio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, 6106 Rockefeller Center, Hanover, NH 03755, and National Bureau of Economic Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, 6106 Rockefeller Center, Hanover, NH 03755, and National Bureau of Economic Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454","https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012757453","display_name":"Ethan Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-3012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-3012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ethan G Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, 6106 Rockefeller Center, Hanover, NH 03755, and National Bureau of Economic Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, 6106 Rockefeller Center, Hanover, NH 03755, and National Bureau of Economic Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454","https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.1176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98707581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"91","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.6973000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.6973000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.23409999907016754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.04520000144839287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration","display_name":"immigration","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-choice","display_name":"school choice","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-segregation","display_name":"school segregation","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residential-segregation","display_name":"residential segregation","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-skilled-migrants","display_name":"low-skilled immigrants","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mexican-immigrants","display_name":"Mexican immigrants","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-school-enrollment","display_name":"public school enrollment","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-district-boundaries","display_name":"school district boundaries","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-demographics","display_name":"school demographics","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california","display_name":"California","score":0.335999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.9008076190948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.7359226942062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.7255603075027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.6993308067321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.6687167286872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778875743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862085","display_name":"Melting pot","level":3,"score":0.6642708778381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.6238534450531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.47123536467552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33481624722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.30796459317207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2934809923171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20213496685028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.08667677640914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/pol.4.3.91","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.3.91","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.3.91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158011328","display_name":"American Economic Journal Economic Policy","issn_l":"1945-7731","issn":["1945-7731","1945-774X","1945-7812"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aejpol:v:4:y:2012:i:3:p:91-117","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/pol.4.3.91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73276892","https://openalex.org/W1493889874","https://openalex.org/W1500527088","https://openalex.org/W1581924228","https://openalex.org/W1591930615","https://openalex.org/W1756943006","https://openalex.org/W1821062900","https://openalex.org/W1938604699","https://openalex.org/W1966748017","https://openalex.org/W1974875888","https://openalex.org/W1976861038","https://openalex.org/W1981229090","https://openalex.org/W1983291248","https://openalex.org/W1985847116","https://openalex.org/W1988515440","https://openalex.org/W1995812332","https://openalex.org/W2006362001","https://openalex.org/W2007719104","https://openalex.org/W2013309399","https://openalex.org/W2029456565","https://openalex.org/W2078720208","https://openalex.org/W2081714882","https://openalex.org/W2082493747","https://openalex.org/W2096684396","https://openalex.org/W2107958285","https://openalex.org/W2117946532","https://openalex.org/W2126889369","https://openalex.org/W2137357438","https://openalex.org/W2142923302","https://openalex.org/W2143195700","https://openalex.org/W2147942833","https://openalex.org/W2150475096","https://openalex.org/W2157677618","https://openalex.org/W2162297205","https://openalex.org/W2166571091","https://openalex.org/W2166901366","https://openalex.org/W2183604859","https://openalex.org/W2289557433","https://openalex.org/W2504963803","https://openalex.org/W2891246096","https://openalex.org/W2913035200","https://openalex.org/W3121933185","https://openalex.org/W3122011382","https://openalex.org/W3122178585","https://openalex.org/W3122207004","https://openalex.org/W3123631657","https://openalex.org/W3123925654","https://openalex.org/W3124133911","https://openalex.org/W3124744900","https://openalex.org/W3126097522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095373164","https://openalex.org/W7099141016","https://openalex.org/W2617324653","https://openalex.org/W7095679921","https://openalex.org/W2784022681","https://openalex.org/W2253630331","https://openalex.org/W7099249331","https://openalex.org/W7099503983","https://openalex.org/W1792451885","https://openalex.org/W2063273092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,22,46],"examine":[1],"whether":[2],"low-skilled":[3],"immigration":[4,93],"to":[5,11,40,66,92],"the":[6,53,89],"United":[7],"States":[8],"has":[9],"contributed":[10],"immigrants'":[12],"residential":[13],"isolation":[14],"by":[15],"reducing":[16],"native":[17,90],"demand":[18],"for":[19,42,73],"public":[20,83],"schools.":[21,84],"address":[23],"endogeneity":[24],"in":[25,33,69,81],"school":[26,56],"demographics":[27],"using":[28],"established":[29],"Mexican":[30],"settlement":[31],"patterns":[32],"California":[34,55],"and":[35,51],"use":[36],"a":[37],"comparison":[38],"group":[39],"account":[41],"immigration's":[43],"broader":[44],"effects.":[45],"estimate":[47],"that":[48],"between":[49],"1970":[50],"2000,":[52],"average":[54],"district":[57],"lost":[58],"more":[59],"than":[60,98],"14":[61],"non-Hispanic":[62],"households":[63,77],"with":[64],"children":[65],"other":[67],"districts":[68],"its":[70,82],"metropolitan":[71],"area":[72],"every":[74],"10":[75],"additional":[76],"enrolling":[78],"low-English":[79],"Hispanics":[80],"By":[85],"disproportionately":[86],"isolating":[87],"children,":[88],"reaction":[91],"may":[94],"have":[95],"longer-run":[96],"consequences":[97],"previously":[99],"thought.":[100],"(JEL":[101],"H75,":[102],"I21,":[103],"J15,":[104],"J24,":[105],"J61,":[106],"R23)":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
