{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079138192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.582984","title":"Did Georges de la Tour use optical projections while painting Christ in the Carpenter\"s Studio?","display_name":"Did Georges de la Tour use optical projections while painting Christ in the Carpenter\"s Studio?","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079138192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.582984","mag":"2079138192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.582984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.582984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.582984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051143560","display_name":"David G. Stork","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-2652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-2652"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109512","display_name":"Ricoh (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017q93w69","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24193003","https://openalex.org/I4210109512"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David G. Stork","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ricoh Innovations (United States)","Stanford Univ. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ricoh Innovations (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Univ. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051143560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109512","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":46.6131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.997411,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"5685","issue":null,"first_page":"214","last_page":"214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.7314000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.7314000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13133","display_name":"Architecture and Art History Studies","score":0.11900000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14002","display_name":"Art, Technology, and Culture","score":0.0917000025510788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/georges-de-la-tour","display_name":"Georges de La Tour","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concave-mirror","display_name":"concave mirror","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converging-lenses","display_name":"converging lenses","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-analysis","display_name":"shadow analysis","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cast-shadows","display_name":"cast shadows","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/painting-techniques","display_name":"painting techniques","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baroque-painting","display_name":"Baroque painting","score":0.7160000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.6614264845848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45012715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746628","display_name":"Studio","level":2,"score":0.650254487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.5890936851501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.3285370171070099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.2623801529407501}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.582984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.582984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.582984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1884972329","https://openalex.org/W1963753773","https://openalex.org/W1965930248","https://openalex.org/W2011511252","https://openalex.org/W2027932231","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2083912728","https://openalex.org/W2103788848","https://openalex.org/W2126799392","https://openalex.org/W2981701282","https://openalex.org/W3000205517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057309829","https://openalex.org/W1988145956","https://openalex.org/W2011511252","https://openalex.org/W4256593487","https://openalex.org/W1557405359","https://openalex.org/W2042714814","https://openalex.org/W2003043020","https://openalex.org/W7099499887","https://openalex.org/W4377996860","https://openalex.org/W3128966259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently":[0],"it":[1,102],"has":[2,112],"been":[3],"theorized":[4],"that":[5,85,104,142],"some":[6],"painters":[7],"as":[8,10,40,123,197,199],"early":[9,198],"1420":[11],"used":[12,203],"concave":[13],"mirrors":[14],"(and,":[15],"later,":[16],"converging":[17],"lenses)":[18],"to":[19,75,174,192],"project":[20],"real":[21],"inverted":[22],"images":[23],"onto":[24],"their":[25],"supports":[26,220],"which":[27,111],"they":[28],"then":[29],"traced":[30],"and":[31,66,71,96,147,176,224,231],"painted":[32],"over.":[33],"We":[34,60,81,100,166],"consider":[35],"a":[36,156,168],"specific":[37],"painting":[38,95],"adduced":[39],"evidence":[41,84],"for":[42],"this":[43,86],"bold":[44],"theory,":[45,119],"the":[46,56,64,77,89,94,105,113,117,140,143,150,153,164,185,193,200,211,226,235],"Lorainnese":[47],"Baroque":[48],"master":[49],"Georges":[50],"de":[51,135,215],"la":[52,136,216],"Tour\u2019s":[53,217],"Christ":[54],"in":[55],"carpenter\u2019s":[57],"studio":[58],"(1645).":[59],"perform":[61],"analyses":[62,129],"of":[63,79,130,152,179,188,210,214],"reflections":[65],"shadows":[67,70,73],"--":[68,74],"\u201ccast\u201d":[69],"\u201cform\u201d":[72],"infer":[76],"source(s)":[78],"illumination.":[80],"find":[82,101],"compelling":[83],"source":[87,106],"is":[88,107,145,184],"candle":[90],"flame":[91],"depicted":[92],"within":[93,149],"held":[97],"by":[98,116,125,134],"Christ.":[99],"implausible":[103],"direct":[108],"solar":[109],"illumination,":[110],"intensity":[114],"demanded":[115],"projection":[118],"or":[120],"artificial":[121,148],"illumination":[122,144,161],"hypothesized":[124],"theory":[126],"proponents.":[127],"Similar":[128],"several":[131],"other":[132],"paintings":[133],"Tour":[137],"uniformly":[138],"support":[139],"conclusion":[141],"small":[146],"space":[151],"tableau":[154],"(i.e.,":[155],"candle),":[157],"not":[158],"extremely":[159],"powerful":[160],"from":[162],"outside":[163],"tableau.":[165],"created":[167],"very":[169],"simple":[170],"computer":[171],"graphics":[172],"model":[173],"test":[175],"illustrate":[177],"part":[178],"our":[180,221],"conclusions.":[181],"Our":[182],"research":[183],"first":[186],"application":[187],"technical":[189,222],"shadow":[190],"analysis":[191],"question":[194],"whether":[195],"artists":[196],"15th":[201],"century":[202],"optical":[204],"projections":[205],"when":[206],"painting.":[207],"Careful":[208],"reading":[209],"historical":[212,232],"record":[213],"working":[218],"methods":[219,230],"results":[223],"extend":[225],"growing":[227],"image":[228],"analytic":[229],"sources":[233],"rebutting":[234],"theory.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}