{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079105249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00415-5","title":"The relevance of multilevel statistical methods for identifying causal neighborhood effects","display_name":"The relevance of multilevel statistical methods for identifying causal neighborhood effects","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079105249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00415-5","mag":"2079105249","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15020011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00415-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00415-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00415-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106822843","display_name":"Social Science & Medicine","issn_l":"0277-9536","issn":["0277-9536","1873-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083923676","display_name":"S. V. Subramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-4165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-4165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S.V Subramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Society, Human Development and Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, KRESGE, 7th floor, Boston, MA 02115-6096, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Society, Human Development and Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, KRESGE, 7th floor, Boston, MA 02115-6096, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083923676"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":64.484,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":232,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99902407,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"10","first_page":"1961","last_page":"1967"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residential-greenness","display_name":"residential greenness","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-space-exposure","display_name":"green space exposure","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiometabolic-health","display_name":"cardiometabolic health","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-adjusted-vegetation-index","display_name":"soil-adjusted vegetation index","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-cover-density","display_name":"tree cover density","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighborhood-effects","display_name":"neighborhood effects","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-blood-glucose","display_name":"fasting blood glucose","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waist-circumference","display_name":"waist circumference","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-prices","display_name":"housing prices","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-analysis","display_name":"multilevel analysis","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776193436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236232","display_name":"Waist","level":3,"score":0.8849201798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6480027437210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.5909339189529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.5413962602615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4967036843299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4666343331336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020637660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665869","display_name":"Effect modification","level":3,"score":0.4630219340324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166504685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843905","display_name":"Circumference","level":2,"score":0.42968082427978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3567114472389221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3391398787498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.33271175622940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23821395635604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.1215808093547821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08083999156951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06748399138450623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004812","descriptor_name":"Epidemiologic Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012111","descriptor_name":"Residence Characteristics","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012931","descriptor_name":"Social Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012962","descriptor_name":"Sociology, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015984","descriptor_name":"Causality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019370","descriptor_name":"Observation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00415-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00415-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00415-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106822843","display_name":"Social Science & Medicine","issn_l":"0277-9536","issn":["0277-9536","1873-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15020011","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15020011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social science & medicine (1982)","raw_type":"Comment"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:socmed:v:58:y:2004:i:10:p:1961-1967","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277-9536(03)00415-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.7646999955177307,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485057921","https://openalex.org/W1496733451","https://openalex.org/W1556832319","https://openalex.org/W1849301062","https://openalex.org/W1965181656","https://openalex.org/W1972933778","https://openalex.org/W1976400581","https://openalex.org/W1976674316","https://openalex.org/W1977481213","https://openalex.org/W1985680509","https://openalex.org/W1989575639","https://openalex.org/W1998190718","https://openalex.org/W2012985419","https://openalex.org/W2026882461","https://openalex.org/W2030769837","https://openalex.org/W2033480055","https://openalex.org/W2048994468","https://openalex.org/W2053092175","https://openalex.org/W2058801639","https://openalex.org/W2089987729","https://openalex.org/W2094397596","https://openalex.org/W2095615036","https://openalex.org/W2097507923","https://openalex.org/W2121968499","https://openalex.org/W2124036912","https://openalex.org/W2126707792","https://openalex.org/W2149393522","https://openalex.org/W2153721616","https://openalex.org/W2156423584","https://openalex.org/W2157325805","https://openalex.org/W2159882770","https://openalex.org/W2162382815","https://openalex.org/W2480193640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966267313","https://openalex.org/W4362636570","https://openalex.org/W2972679940","https://openalex.org/W4312187578","https://openalex.org/W4293105266","https://openalex.org/W2996336218","https://openalex.org/W7214511049","https://openalex.org/W4417343704","https://openalex.org/W4411276490","https://openalex.org/W4409544980"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
