{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078742018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1901_2","title":"Dynamics of Illegal Participation in Peer-to-Peer Networks\u2014Why Do People Illegally Share Media Files?","display_name":"Dynamics of Illegal Participation in Peer-to-Peer Networks\u2014Why Do People Illegally Share Media Files?","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078742018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1901_2","mag":"2078742018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327736me1901_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1901_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1901_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76295336","display_name":"Journal of Media Economics","issn_l":"0899-7764","issn":["0899-7764","1532-7736"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Media Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079229973","display_name":"Jan U. Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-3399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-3399"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan U. Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091785783","display_name":"Michel Cl\u00e9ment","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-6709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-6709"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Clement","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.5769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98286414,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11769","display_name":"Copyright and Intellectual Property","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11769","display_name":"Copyright and Intellectual Property","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-to-peer-file-sharing","display_name":"peer-to-peer file sharing","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illegal-file-sharing","display_name":"illegal file sharing","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copyright-infringement","display_name":"copyright infringement","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity","display_name":"reciprocity","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-riding","display_name":"free-riding","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-segmentation","display_name":"customer segmentation","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-stability","display_name":"network stability","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-games","display_name":"dynamic games","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/napster","display_name":"Napster","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kazaa","display_name":"Kazaa","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emule","display_name":"eMule","score":0.9580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780154274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717","display_name":"Download","level":2,"score":0.6305031776428223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6273378133773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85510643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500284","display_name":"Free riding","level":3,"score":0.5955371260643005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5935558676719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551386961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22666","display_name":"File sharing","level":3,"score":0.5641444325447083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.5546295046806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49357855319976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4821164608001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.4613843560218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534932454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161410","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","level":2,"score":0.45328500866889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191267431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911932","display_name":"Honeypot","level":2,"score":0.45229873061180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3775377869606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3658462166786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3397863507270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25982969999313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.2524722218513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2053138017654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.18999779224395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1373283863067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13548746705055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327736me1901_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1901_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me1901_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76295336","display_name":"Journal of Media Economics","issn_l":"0899-7764","issn":["0899-7764","1532-7736"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Media Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.323.3390","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.323.3390","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.warsystems.hu/wp-content/uploads_bodo/becker-Dynamics of Illegal Participation in file-sharing networks.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:jmedec:v:19:y:2006:i:1:p:7-32","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15327736me1901_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310419","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7305400","https://openalex.org/W22267222","https://openalex.org/W108979547","https://openalex.org/W180068945","https://openalex.org/W278069043","https://openalex.org/W1503216741","https://openalex.org/W1513281941","https://openalex.org/W1521902514","https://openalex.org/W1537076336","https://openalex.org/W1562475576","https://openalex.org/W1563521123","https://openalex.org/W1583139675","https://openalex.org/W1583839029","https://openalex.org/W1586208727","https://openalex.org/W1606176548","https://openalex.org/W1774460361","https://openalex.org/W1974491836","https://openalex.org/W1979791877","https://openalex.org/W1989218902","https://openalex.org/W2014117729","https://openalex.org/W2023689787","https://openalex.org/W2025376086","https://openalex.org/W2049159124","https://openalex.org/W2051439944","https://openalex.org/W2055933503","https://openalex.org/W2056363353","https://openalex.org/W2059452080","https://openalex.org/W2059527451","https://openalex.org/W2061592058","https://openalex.org/W2067879790","https://openalex.org/W2071488646","https://openalex.org/W2072197860","https://openalex.org/W2079041580","https://openalex.org/W2081124617","https://openalex.org/W2096514440","https://openalex.org/W2098685541","https://openalex.org/W2101311377","https://openalex.org/W2102405226","https://openalex.org/W2117988444","https://openalex.org/W2127396574","https://openalex.org/W2128225820","https://openalex.org/W2131439193","https://openalex.org/W2133037631","https://openalex.org/W2143750112","https://openalex.org/W2145581668","https://openalex.org/W2146410840","https://openalex.org/W2148727560","https://openalex.org/W2153140416","https://openalex.org/W2154715890","https://openalex.org/W2166838101","https://openalex.org/W2168069606","https://openalex.org/W2169033715","https://openalex.org/W2171382264","https://openalex.org/W2172169275","https://openalex.org/W2226396244","https://openalex.org/W2270016868","https://openalex.org/W2477572219","https://openalex.org/W2528855898","https://openalex.org/W2532061124","https://openalex.org/W2680307343","https://openalex.org/W2753514269","https://openalex.org/W2997960800","https://openalex.org/W3121718775","https://openalex.org/W3122520279","https://openalex.org/W3122856996","https://openalex.org/W3123293202","https://openalex.org/W3123711457","https://openalex.org/W3123930474","https://openalex.org/W3124616073","https://openalex.org/W3125802431","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4240759812","https://openalex.org/W4252488326","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297974475","https://openalex.org/W4388068622","https://openalex.org/W6653695186","https://openalex.org/W6665817581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116081969","https://openalex.org/W217575873","https://openalex.org/W2082188412","https://openalex.org/W7096766824","https://openalex.org/W7099875897","https://openalex.org/W2144293103","https://openalex.org/W2125638846","https://openalex.org/W1529798808","https://openalex.org/W594132234","https://openalex.org/W1849902073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,130,156,171,185],"rise":[1],"of":[2,23,27,33,44,83,149,202,226,242],"peer-to-peer":[3],"networks":[4,228],"starting":[5],"with":[6,126],"Napster":[7],"in":[8,105,211,229],"1999":[9],"and":[10,13,40,89],"later":[11],"KaZaA":[12],"eMule":[14],"had":[15],"a":[16,94,106,114,142,177,189,208],"substantial":[17],"impact":[18],"on":[19,98,162,182,223],"the":[20,42,81,87,123,134,150,200,212,224,227,230,234,240],"online":[21],"distribution":[22],"media":[24],"content.":[25],"Millions":[26],"users":[28,54,85,110,160],"at":[29,199],"any":[30],"given":[31],"point":[32],"time":[34],"illegally":[35,90],"offer":[36,154],"copyright":[37],"protected":[38],"files":[39],"internalize":[41],"cost":[43],"their":[45,163,183],"behavior.":[46],"Whereas":[47],"it":[48,57,69],"is":[49,70,147,176,194],"easy":[50],"to":[51,63,73,76,153,196,215,220,239],"explain":[52],"why":[53,64,84],"download":[55],"files,":[56],"remains":[58],"an":[59],"open":[60],"question":[61],"as":[62],"they":[65],"provide":[66,91,221],"data,":[67],"because":[68,233],"not":[71],"necessary":[72],"get":[74],"access":[75],"files.":[77,92,119,155],"This":[78,120,205],"article":[79,103,121,206],"addresses":[80],"issue":[82],"take":[86],"risk":[88,201],"In":[93],"theoretical":[95,100,124],"analysis":[96],"relying":[97],"game":[99],"assumptions,":[101],"this":[102],"shows":[104],"dynamic":[107,209],"context":[108],"that":[109,174,193,217],"actually":[111],"do":[112],"follow":[113],"rational":[115],"strategy":[116],"by":[117,140],"providing":[118],"underlines":[122],"assumptions":[125],"two":[127],"empirical":[128],"studies.":[129],"first":[131],"study":[132,158],"researches":[133],"individual":[135],"motives":[136,164],"for":[137],"file":[138],"sharing":[139],"using":[141,168],"structural":[143],"equation":[144],"model.":[145],"Reciprocity":[146],"one":[148],"key":[151],"drivers":[152],"second":[157],"segments":[159],"based":[161],"into":[165],"three":[166],"groups":[167],"mixture":[169],"regressions.":[170],"results":[172],"imply":[173],"there":[175],"large":[178],"segment":[179,192],"free":[180],"riding":[181],"peers.":[184],"research":[186],"also":[187],"finds":[188],"heavy":[190],"sharer":[191],"motivated":[195],"share,":[197],"even":[198],"being":[203],"sued.":[204],"follows":[207],"perspective":[210],"user's":[213],"willingness":[214],"share":[216],"allows":[218],"researchers":[219],"implications":[222],"stability":[225],"long":[231],"term,":[232],"users'":[235],"behavior":[236],"may":[237],"lead":[238],"collapse":[241],"illegal":[243],"networks.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}