{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078469169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798704000195","title":"Why do we need fundamental research?","display_name":"Why do we need fundamental research?","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078469169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798704000195","mag":"2078469169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1062798704000195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798704000195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798704000195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162792360","display_name":"European Review","issn_l":"1062-7987","issn":["1062-7987","1234-981X","1474-0575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"JEAN-CLAUDE PETIT","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JEAN-CLAUDE PETIT","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00e9nergie atomique, DSM/DRECAM/SCM, CEA/Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France. E-mail:","Commissariat \u00e0 l\u00e9nergie atomique, DSM/DRECAM/SCM, CEA/Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France. E-mail: jcpetit@cea.fr"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00e9nergie atomique, DSM/DRECAM/SCM, CEA/Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commissariat \u00e0 l\u00e9nergie atomique, DSM/DRECAM/SCM, CEA/Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France. E-mail: jcpetit@cea.fr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5606,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92592926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"191","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14487","display_name":"Science and Science Education","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basic-research","display_name":"basic research","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-policy","display_name":"science policy","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/societal-impact-of-research","display_name":"social impact of research","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-on-investment","display_name":"return on investment","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"sustainable development","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-expertise","display_name":"scientific expertise","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-breakthroughs","display_name":"technological breakthroughs","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-access-to-information","display_name":"open access to information","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-funding","display_name":"research funding","score":0.4580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5795537829399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5291258096694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.5018401145935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4236885607242584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4230082631111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.415204256772995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11111821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205880","display_name":"Circulation (fluid dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.41182589530944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3786776065826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3253788352012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2375747263431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1502205729484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10173827409744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09638869762420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1062798704000195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798704000195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798704000195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162792360","display_name":"European Review","issn_l":"1062-7987","issn":["1062-7987","1234-981X","1474-0575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:eurrev:v:12:y:2004:i:02:p:191-207_00","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1062798704000195/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49479346","https://openalex.org/W1522203109","https://openalex.org/W1536705930","https://openalex.org/W1571136840","https://openalex.org/W1965720378","https://openalex.org/W2013421340","https://openalex.org/W2050409955","https://openalex.org/W2054217532","https://openalex.org/W2054515950","https://openalex.org/W2080838006","https://openalex.org/W2083820551","https://openalex.org/W2101992452","https://openalex.org/W2113942717","https://openalex.org/W2279158242","https://openalex.org/W2753533763","https://openalex.org/W3198868833","https://openalex.org/W3202243234","https://openalex.org/W4243860358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990871794","https://openalex.org/W3196834071","https://openalex.org/W4403413790","https://openalex.org/W3097342785","https://openalex.org/W2324955907","https://openalex.org/W3035907751","https://openalex.org/W2314806081","https://openalex.org/W1639679688","https://openalex.org/W6908400747","https://openalex.org/W4388128643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"is":[1,30],"considered":[2],"as":[3,84,87,89],"a":[4,10,58,68,85,108,152],"major":[5],"component":[6],"of":[7,15,28,41,46,70,74],"innovation":[8],"and":[9,97,121,132,138,158],"key":[11],"to":[12,51,53,92,106,115,119,124,134,151],"the":[13,54,128,142],"development":[14],"modern":[16],"societies.":[17],"However,":[18],"fundamental":[19,47,75,147],"research,":[20],"which":[21],"essentially":[22],"aims":[23],"at":[24,127],"improving":[25],"our":[26],"understanding":[27],"Nature,":[29],"often":[31],"questioned":[32],"about":[33],"its":[34],"specific":[35],"role.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"arguments":[40],"\u2018general":[42],"interests\u2019":[43],"in":[44,101],"support":[45],"research":[48,76,81,148],"are":[49],"presented":[50],"contribute":[52,150],"science-policy":[55],"debate.":[56],"Beyond":[57],"notable":[59],"return":[60],"on":[61],"investment,":[62],"now":[63],"acknowledged":[64],"by":[65],"most":[66,143],"economists,":[67],"number":[69],"positive":[71],"societal":[72],"impacts":[73],"can":[77],"be":[78],"underlined.":[79],"Fundamental":[80],"helps":[82],"society":[83],"whole,":[86],"well":[88],"individual":[90],"firms,":[91],"keep":[93],"options,":[94],"possible":[95,130],"scenarios":[96],"choices":[98],"open":[99],"(e.g.":[100],"relation":[102],"with":[103],"sustainable":[104],"development),":[105],"maintain":[107],"good":[109],"capability":[110],"for":[111],"top-level":[112],"scientific":[113,120],"expertise,":[114],"develop":[116],"conditions":[117],"favourable":[118],"technological":[122],"breakthroughs,":[123],"ensure":[125],"training":[126],"highest":[129],"level":[131],"also":[133],"guarantee":[135],"access":[136],"to,":[137],"free":[139],"circulation":[140],"of,":[141],"valuable":[144],"information.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"may":[149],"better":[153],"structural":[154],"link":[155],"between":[156],"science":[157],"society.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
