{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078464446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1133:rvia>2.0.co;2","title":"Rainfall Variability in Africa","display_name":"Rainfall Variability in Africa","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078464446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1133:rvia>2.0.co;2","mag":"2078464446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1133:rvia>2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1133:rvia>2.0.co;2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1133:rvia>2.0.co;2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90791864","display_name":"Monthly Weather Review","issn_l":"0027-0644","issn":["0027-0644","1520-0493"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Weather Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113797947","display_name":"Laban J. Ogallo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","display_name":"University of Nairobi","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9nww90","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laban Ogallo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Meteorology; University of Nairobi; Nairobi; Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Meteorology; University of Nairobi; Nairobi; Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113797947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21501866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"107","issue":"9","first_page":"1133","last_page":"1139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-variability","display_name":"rainfall variability","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annual-rainfall-trends","display_name":"annual rainfall trends","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodicity","display_name":"periodicity","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillations","display_name":"oscillations","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-analysis","display_name":"spectral analysis","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-cycles","display_name":"climate cycles","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6916771531105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127142870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7838279","display_name":"Trend analysis","level":2,"score":0.6517082452774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101601086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753228","display_name":"Rank correlation","level":2,"score":0.5528292059898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.5504509210586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5333091616630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983668108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280453","display_name":"Spectral analysis","level":3,"score":0.48408663272857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199335787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743364","display_name":"Negative binomial distribution","level":3,"score":0.4765810966491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.46545177698135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.43600916862487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112197492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1763933","display_name":"Secular variation","level":2,"score":0.41008567810058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34319165349006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.28877490758895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1489981710910797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07034233212471008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1133:rvia>2.0.co;2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1133:rvia>2.0.co;2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1979)107<1133:rvia>2.0.co;2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90791864","display_name":"Monthly Weather Review","issn_l":"0027-0644","issn":["0027-0644","1520-0493"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Weather Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:11295/38568","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/38568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402107","display_name":"University of Nairobi Research Archive (University of Nairobi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12859529","host_organization_name":"University of Nairobi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12859529"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989439529","https://openalex.org/W1967446757","https://openalex.org/W2262688436","https://openalex.org/W3200974790","https://openalex.org/W2135616038","https://openalex.org/W181539168","https://openalex.org/W2977873431","https://openalex.org/W296118296","https://openalex.org/W2005793211","https://openalex.org/W4200279732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"series":[1,24,42],"of":[2,21,28,36,57],"annual":[3,23],"rainfall":[4],"for":[5,12],"69":[6],"stations":[7,71],"in":[8,48,51],"Africa":[9],"were":[10,59,72,97,120],"analyzed":[11],"trends":[13,47],"and":[14,100,117],"periodicities.":[15],"Trend":[16],"analysis":[17,96],"showed":[18],"that":[19],"most":[20],"the":[22,41,64,82,89,94,105,123],"indicate":[25],"some":[26],"forms":[27],"oscillations":[29],"rather":[30],"than":[31],"any":[32],"particular":[33],"trend.":[34],"Use":[35],"binomial":[37],"coefficients":[38],"to":[39,85],"smooth":[40],"indicated":[43],"positive":[44],"or":[45],"negative":[46],"recent":[49],"years":[50,99,116],"20":[52],"series,":[53],"but":[54],"only":[55],"four":[56,70],"these":[58],"statistically":[60],"significant":[61,79],"judging":[62],"by":[63,93],"Spearman":[65],"rank":[66],"correlation":[67],"test.":[68],"These":[69],"geographically":[73],"distributed":[74],"within":[75],"those":[76],"showing":[77],"no":[78],"trends.":[80],"Assuming":[81],"generating":[83],"process":[84],"be":[86],"purely":[87],"random,":[88],"prominent":[90],"cycles":[91,108],"revealed":[92],"spectral":[95],"2.0\u20132.5":[98],"2.7\u20133.3":[101],"years.":[102],"In":[103],"general,":[104],"larger":[106],"observed":[107],"(3.5\u20134.4":[109],"years,":[110,112,114],"5.0":[111],"6.0\u20136.5":[113],"7.0\u20138.0":[115],"10.0":[118],"years)":[119],"weak":[121],"at":[122],"0.05":[124],"significance":[125],"level.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
