{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078089259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.902120106","title":"The motor cortex of the rat: Cytoarchitecture and microstimulation mapping","display_name":"The motor cortex of the rat: Cytoarchitecture and microstimulation mapping","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078089259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.902120106","mag":"2078089259","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6294151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cne.902120106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.902120106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.902120106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186231","display_name":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology","issn_l":"0021-9967","issn":["0021-9967","0092-7317","1096-9861","1550-7130"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029666654","display_name":"John P. Donoghue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-6940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-6940"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Donoghue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Building 36, Room 2D-10, NIMH, Bethesda, Maryland 20205"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Building 36, Room 2D-10, NIMH, Bethesda, Maryland 20205","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112246287","display_name":"Steven P. Wise","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158500","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven P. Wise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Building 36, Room 2D-10, NIMH, Bethesda, Maryland 20205"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Building 36, Room 2D-10, NIMH, Bethesda, Maryland 20205","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210158500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.5871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":807,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99286498,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"212","issue":"1","first_page":"76","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-motor-cortex","display_name":"primary motor cortex","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rats","display_name":"rats","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytoarchitecture","display_name":"cytoarchitecture","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatosensory-cortex","display_name":"somatosensory cortex","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-layers","display_name":"cortical layers","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord-projections","display_name":"spinal cord projections","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontal-cortex","display_name":"frontal cortex","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parietal-cortex","display_name":"parietal cortex","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163895629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3009543","display_name":"Cytoarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.9731687307357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7441938519477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.6432894468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6348270177841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37753355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911877","display_name":"Nissl body","level":3,"score":0.6297459006309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777348757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346577","display_name":"Cortex (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.6181485652923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18696","display_name":"Motor cortex","level":3,"score":0.6124943494796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778970358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6840343","display_name":"Microstimulation","level":3,"score":0.5740576386451721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.5163713693618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172497186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328835","display_name":"Somatosensory system","level":2,"score":0.41853049397468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103378370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q948647","display_name":"Neuroanatomy","level":2,"score":0.41227272152900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74864618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446","display_name":"Staining","level":2,"score":0.2884628176689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.2341136336326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003594","descriptor_name":"Cytoplasmic Granules","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005552","descriptor_name":"Forelimb","qualifier_ui":"Q000294","qualifier_name":"innervation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005625","descriptor_name":"Frontal Lobe","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006614","descriptor_name":"Hindlimb","qualifier_ui":"Q000294","qualifier_name":"innervation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008465","descriptor_name":"Mechanoreceptors","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009043","descriptor_name":"Motor Activity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009044","descriptor_name":"Motor Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010296","descriptor_name":"Parietal Lobe","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013003","descriptor_name":"Somatosensory Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013116","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cne.902120106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.902120106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.902120106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186231","display_name":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology","issn_l":"0021-9967","issn":["0021-9967","0092-7317","1096-9861","1550-7130"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Comparative Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6294151","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6294151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of comparative neurology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200476018","https://openalex.org/W650029711","https://openalex.org/W1573192238","https://openalex.org/W1738066138","https://openalex.org/W1917483002","https://openalex.org/W1972620910","https://openalex.org/W1999450284","https://openalex.org/W2002747847","https://openalex.org/W2007621879","https://openalex.org/W2010115753","https://openalex.org/W2012540168","https://openalex.org/W2015455922","https://openalex.org/W2020423064","https://openalex.org/W2025270165","https://openalex.org/W2031776605","https://openalex.org/W2034120829","https://openalex.org/W2035681860","https://openalex.org/W2055665587","https://openalex.org/W2061073737","https://openalex.org/W2063242000","https://openalex.org/W2063621508","https://openalex.org/W2068947717","https://openalex.org/W2082281194","https://openalex.org/W2091788365","https://openalex.org/W2108482232","https://openalex.org/W2118978156","https://openalex.org/W2131784975","https://openalex.org/W2148435828","https://openalex.org/W2176670145","https://openalex.org/W2321463370","https://openalex.org/W2883008620","https://openalex.org/W4235541760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106432047","https://openalex.org/W2031776605","https://openalex.org/W3113829966","https://openalex.org/W1978942069","https://openalex.org/W1963954856","https://openalex.org/W1989283455","https://openalex.org/W2163868412","https://openalex.org/W2020423064","https://openalex.org/W2021181097","https://openalex.org/W2020996956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26],"first":[1,129],"motor":[2],"(MI)":[3],"cortex":[4,126,140],"of":[5,23,28,89,122,127],"the":[6,11,20,36,51,68,94,103,109,113,123,128,137,151],"rat":[7,110,138],"was":[8,31],"identified":[9,143],"as":[10],"region":[12,30],"from":[13],"which":[14,72],"movements":[15],"could":[16],"be":[17,45,100,142],"evoked":[18],"by":[19,56,144,148],"lowest":[21],"intensity":[22],"electrical":[24],"stimulation.":[25],"location":[27],"this":[29],"correlated":[32],"with":[33,112,120],"cytoarchitecture":[34,149],"in":[35,47,102,108,150],"frontal":[37,42],"and":[38,61,66,78,97,147],"parietal":[39],"cortex.":[40,106],"Two":[41],"areas":[43],"can":[44,98,141],"discerned":[46],"Nissl-stained":[48],"sections:":[49],"(1)":[50],"medial":[52],"agranular":[53,70,115],"field,":[54,71],"marked":[55],"a":[57,62,79],"pale-staining":[58],"layer":[59,64,81],"III":[60],"compact":[63],"II,":[65],"(2)":[67],"lateral":[69,114],"has":[73],"more":[74],"homogeneous":[75],"superficial":[76],"layers":[77],"broad":[80],"V":[82],"containing":[83],"large,":[84],"densely":[85],"staining":[86],"cells.":[87],"Both":[88],"these":[90],"regions":[91],"project":[92],"to":[93],"spinal":[95],"cord":[96],"therefore":[99],"included":[101],"somatic":[104,130],"sensorimotor":[105],"MI":[107,139],"coincides":[111],"field":[116],"but":[117],"also":[118],"overlaps":[119],"part":[121],"adjacent":[124],"granular":[125],"sensory":[131],"(SI)":[132],"representation.":[133],"We":[134],"conclude":[135],"that":[136],"microstimulation":[145],"techniques":[146],"rat.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}