{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077913346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/10.7.626","title":"Crossing the \"Uncanny Valley\": adaptation to cartoon faces can influence perception of human faces","display_name":"Crossing the \"Uncanny Valley\": adaptation to cartoon faces can influence perception of human faces","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077913346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/10.7.626","mag":"2077913346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1167/10.7.626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/10.7.626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1167/10.7.626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137468011","display_name":"Journal of Vision","issn_l":"1534-7362","issn":["1534-7362"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315919","host_organization_name":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315919"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1167/10.7.626","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380230","display_name":"Hua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-6561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-6561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School","Psychology, Harvard College, Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology, Harvard College, Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020740265","display_name":"Richard P. Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-8596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-8596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176113532","display_name":"Gettysburg College","ror":"https://ror.org/045e26x92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176113532"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology, Gettysburg College","Psychology, Harvard College, Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology, Gettysburg College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176113532"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology, Harvard College, Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067121954","display_name":"K. Nakayama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Nakayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology, Harvard College, Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology, Harvard College, Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059607252","display_name":"Margaret S. Livingstone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1950-0123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1950-0123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Livingstone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27293868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"626","last_page":"626"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncanny-valley","display_name":"uncanny valley","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-adaptation","display_name":"face adaptation","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartoon-faces","display_name":"cartoon faces","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-perception","display_name":"face perception","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-space","display_name":"face space","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-attractiveness","display_name":"facial attractiveness","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anime","display_name":"anime","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2365568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844664","display_name":"Uncanny valley","level":3,"score":0.8206773996353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780362631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633852","display_name":"Uncanny","level":2,"score":0.697464644908905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6478388905525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161657702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529895","display_name":"Face perception","level":3,"score":0.6027137041091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5926644802093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5875380039215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5561189651489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5228427052497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5148105025291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.4759623408317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.47220712900161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.33535465598106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.31139516830444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2500399649143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08952763676643372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0836523175239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07748308777809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1167/10.7.626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/10.7.626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1167/10.7.626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137468011","display_name":"Journal of Vision","issn_l":"1534-7362","issn":["1534-7362"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315919","host_organization_name":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315919"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1167/10.7.626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/10.7.626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1167/10.7.626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137468011","display_name":"Journal of Vision","issn_l":"1534-7362","issn":["1534-7362"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315919","host_organization_name":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315919"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060934614","https://openalex.org/W610188346","https://openalex.org/W2021959973","https://openalex.org/W4386293615","https://openalex.org/W4385413850","https://openalex.org/W2065391382","https://openalex.org/W3084197019","https://openalex.org/W3016889907","https://openalex.org/W2202903053","https://openalex.org/W3149959988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adaptation":[0,247],"to":[1,9,62,114,138,178,191,201,248,287,291],"distorted":[2],"faces":[3,42,120,123,196,203,218,235,250,259,288],"can":[4,144,204],"shift":[5],"what":[6],"individuals":[7],"identify":[8],"be":[10],"a":[11,36,83,91,115,130,164,186,265],"prototypical":[12],"or":[13],"attractive":[14],"face.":[15],"This":[16,112,180,276],"effect":[17],"occurs":[18],"both":[19,192,271],"across":[20],"and":[21,30,47,110,121,153,194,241,273],"within":[22],"sub-categories":[23],"of":[24,53,67,103,108,207,229,294],"human":[25,41,54,119,193,208,258,274],"faces,":[26,170,173],"such":[27,124],"as":[28,73],"gender":[29],"race/ethnicity,":[31],"suggesting":[32],"that":[33,72,125,140,174,280,284],"there":[34,86,162,184,281],"is":[35,87,135,150,159,163,175,185],"common":[37,131,165,190,268,290],"coding":[38,49,166],"mechanism":[39,167],"for":[40,51,168,257,270],"(a":[43],"single":[44,187],"face":[45,59,132,147,188],"space)":[46],"dissociable":[48],"mechanisms":[50],"subgroups":[52],"faces.":[55,179,209,275,295],"But":[56],"does":[57],"this":[58],"space":[60,189],"extend":[61],"non-human":[63,172],"faces?":[64],"The":[65],"construct":[66],"the":[68,94,101,227,234,278],"\u201cuncanny":[69,89],"valley\u201d":[70],"suggests":[71],"human-like":[74],"features":[75],"increase,":[76],"people":[77],"respond":[78],"more":[79,242],"positively,":[80],"but":[81,149],"at":[82,237],"distinct":[84],"point,":[85],"an":[88],"valley,\u201d":[90],"region":[92],"where":[93],"deviations":[95],"from":[96],"humanness":[97],"are":[98,282,285],"stronger":[99],"than":[100],"reminders":[102],"humanness,":[104],"which":[105],"creates":[106],"feelings":[107],"uncanniness":[109],"repulsion.":[111],"points":[113],"significant":[116],"divide":[117],"between":[118],"other":[122],"they":[126],"may":[127],"not":[128,155],"share":[129],"space.":[133],"It":[134],"also":[136],"important":[137],"note":[139],"low-level":[141],"shape":[142],"adaptation":[143,200,232],"affect":[145,205],"high-level":[146],"processing":[148],"position":[151,230,266],"dependent":[152,231],"hence":[154],"face-specific.":[156],"Thus,":[157],"it":[158],"unclear":[160],"whether":[161,183,199],"all":[169,292],"including":[171],"nevertheless":[176],"specific":[177,286],"study":[181],"assessed":[182],"cartoon":[195,202,215,249,272],"by":[197],"testing":[198],"perception":[206],"Participants":[210],"were":[211],"shown":[212],"Japanese":[213],"animation":[214],"videos":[216,225],"containing":[217],"with":[219,251,264],"abnormally":[220],"large":[221,252],"eyes.":[222],"Using":[223],"animated":[224],"eliminated":[226],"possibility":[228,279],"(because":[233],"appear":[236],"many":[238],"different":[239],"locations)":[240],"closely":[243],"simulated":[244],"naturalistic":[245],"exposure.":[246],"eyes":[253],"significantly":[254],"shifted":[255],"preferences":[256],"toward":[260],"larger":[261],"eyes,":[262],"consistent":[263],"independent,":[267],"representation":[269],"supports":[277],"representations":[283],"yet":[289],"kinds":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}