{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077423799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","title":"The Mechanism of Isotonic Water Transport","display_name":"The Mechanism of Isotonic Water Transport","publication_year":1964,"publication_date":"1964-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077423799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","mag":"2077423799","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14212146","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2195404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","pdf_url":"http://jgp.rupress.org/content/jgp/48/1/15.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168548653","display_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","issn_l":"0022-1295","issn":["0022-1295","1540-7748"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315676","host_organization_name":"Rockefeller University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315676"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rockefeller University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://jgp.rupress.org/content/jgp/48/1/15.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113911784","display_name":"Jared M. Diamond","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jared M. Diamond","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Biophysical Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Biophysical Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113911784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3267,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":238,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97480351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10724","display_name":"Ion Transport and Channel Regulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10724","display_name":"Ion Transport and Channel Regulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10493","display_name":"Ion channel regulation and function","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nacl-transport","display_name":"NaCl transport","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelial-membranes","display_name":"epithelial membranes","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallbladder","display_name":"gallbladder","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streaming-potential","display_name":"streaming potential","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-diffusion","display_name":"CO diffusion","score":0.9459999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150193269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54237","display_name":"Osmosis","level":3,"score":0.6825993657112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.660293698310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992163139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155930","display_name":"Water transport","level":3,"score":0.5515720844268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129900496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643555","display_name":"Osmotic concentration","level":2,"score":0.5175999402999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.5102183818817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.5010287761688232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.46313929557800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77056095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543183","display_name":"Isotonic","level":2,"score":0.4611940383911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107511713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866317","display_name":"Semipermeable membrane","level":3,"score":0.4596095085144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537181965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658","display_name":"Sodium","level":2,"score":0.4160802960395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.40867704153060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988574769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2259545","display_name":"Water flow","level":2,"score":0.4007541835308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.15238678455352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.1374066174030304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.10780006647109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001692","descriptor_name":"Biological Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002241","descriptor_name":"Carbohydrates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004058","descriptor_name":"Diffusion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005704","descriptor_name":"Gallbladder","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008660","descriptor_name":"Metabolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009995","descriptor_name":"Osmosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010539","descriptor_name":"Permeability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010600","descriptor_name":"Pharmacology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011188","descriptor_name":"Potassium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011817","descriptor_name":"Rabbits","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012965","descriptor_name":"Sodium Chloride","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013395","descriptor_name":"Sucrose","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","pdf_url":"http://jgp.rupress.org/content/jgp/48/1/15.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168548653","display_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","issn_l":"0022-1295","issn":["0022-1295","1540-7748"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315676","host_organization_name":"Rockefeller University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315676"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rockefeller University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2195404","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2195404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Gen Physiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:14212146","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14212146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of general physiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.282.8757","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.282.8757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/ed/ce/J_Gen_Physiol_1964_Sep_1_48(1)_15-42.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.48.1.15","pdf_url":"http://jgp.rupress.org/content/jgp/48/1/15.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168548653","display_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","issn_l":"0022-1295","issn":["0022-1295","1540-7748"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315676","host_organization_name":"Rockefeller University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315676"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rockefeller University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2077423799.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2077423799.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976418145","https://openalex.org/W1993419018","https://openalex.org/W2009243063","https://openalex.org/W2033088175","https://openalex.org/W2033789212","https://openalex.org/W2041532830","https://openalex.org/W2067600528","https://openalex.org/W2092746228","https://openalex.org/W2108895087","https://openalex.org/W2310995028","https://openalex.org/W2329148713","https://openalex.org/W2331378221","https://openalex.org/W2398601491","https://openalex.org/W2414862285","https://openalex.org/W4233847460","https://openalex.org/W4244872833","https://openalex.org/W4411365322","https://openalex.org/W6606552977","https://openalex.org/W6636508167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976418145","https://openalex.org/W2329148713","https://openalex.org/W2265011100","https://openalex.org/W2066799775","https://openalex.org/W2128931114","https://openalex.org/W2038485752","https://openalex.org/W2020454764","https://openalex.org/W2027687386","https://openalex.org/W2114172732","https://openalex.org/W7160612840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19],"mechanism":[1,112],"by":[2,46,52],"which":[3,270],"active":[4,136,207],"solute":[5,145],"transport":[6,9,116,138,204,209,235,253],"causes":[7],"water":[8,115,158,180,203,220,234,244,252],"in":[10,57,66,117,146,150,161,210,257,266],"isotonic":[11,101,114],"proportions":[12],"across":[13],"epithelial":[14],"membranes":[15],"has":[16,170],"been":[17,171],"investigated.":[18],"principle":[20],"of":[21,29,36,60,113,144,153,182,194,200],"the":[22,27,30,34,37,48,75,85,91,111,118,123,151,154,178,211,217,239,258,267],"experiments":[23],"was":[24,40,64,79,94],"to":[25,96,102,163,175,188,237,272],"measure":[26],"osmolarity":[28,35],"transported":[31,77,92,196],"fluid":[32,78,93],"when":[33],"bathing":[38,72,104],"solution":[39,100,105],"varied":[41],"over":[42],"an":[43,70,98,183],"eightfold":[44],"range":[45],"varying":[47],"NaCl":[49,99,137,160,208],"concentration":[50,143],"or":[51],"adding":[53],"impermeant":[54],"non-electrolytes.":[55],"An":[56,168],"vitro":[58],"preparation":[59],"rabbit":[61],"gall":[62,119,212],"bladder":[63,120,213],"suspended":[65],"moist":[67],"oxygen":[68],"without":[69],"outer":[71],"solution,":[73],"and":[74,157],"pure":[76],"collected":[80],"as":[81],"it":[82],"dripped":[83],"off":[84],"serosal":[86],"surface.":[87],"Under":[88],"all":[89],"conditions":[90],"found":[95],"approximate":[97],"whatever":[103],"used.":[106],"This":[107],"finding":[108],"means":[109],"that":[110],"is":[121,185],"neither":[122],"double":[124],"membrane":[125],"effect":[126],"nor":[127],"co-diffusion":[128],"but":[129,261],"rather":[130],"local":[131,165],"osmosis.":[132],"In":[133],"other":[134],"words,":[135],"maintains":[139],"a":[140],"locally":[141],"high":[142,186],"some":[147],"restricted":[148],"space":[149],"vicinity":[152],"cell":[155,268],"membrane,":[156,269],"follows":[159],"response":[162],"this":[164,201],"osmotic":[166,192],"gradient.":[167],"equation":[169],"derived":[172],"enabling":[173],"one":[174],"calculate":[176],"whether":[177],"passive":[179,223,248,259],"permeability":[181],"organ":[184],"enough":[187],"account":[189],"for":[190,219,243],"complete":[191],"equilibration":[193],"actively":[195],"solute.":[197],"By":[198],"application":[199],"equation,":[202],"associated":[205],"with":[206],"cannot":[214],"go":[215],"through":[216,246],"channels":[218,227,260],"flow":[221,245],"under":[222],"conditions,":[224],"since":[225],"these":[226,247],"are":[228],"grossly":[229],"too":[230],"impermeable.":[231],"Furthermore,":[232],"solute-linked":[233,251],"fails":[236],"produce":[238],"streaming":[240],"potentials":[241],"expected":[242],"channels.":[249],"Hence":[250],"does":[254],"not":[255],"occur":[256],"instead":[262],"involves":[263],"special":[264],"structures":[265],"remain":[271],"be":[273],"identified.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
