{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077415461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199201163260309","title":"Expanding the Differential Diagnosis of Male Hypogonadism","display_name":"Expanding the Differential Diagnosis of Male Hypogonadism","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077415461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199201163260309","mag":"2077415461","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1727549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejm199201163260309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199201163260309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199201163260309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087822746","display_name":"Stephen J. Winters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3721-7388","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3721-7388"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen J. Winters","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087822746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"326","issue":"3","first_page":"193","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10960","display_name":"Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones","score":0.6606000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10960","display_name":"Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones","score":0.6606000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11146","display_name":"Hormonal and reproductive studies","score":0.2583000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12421","display_name":"Adrenal Hormones and Disorders","score":0.04639999940991402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-hypogonadism","display_name":"male hypogonadism","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testosterone","display_name":"testosterone","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luteinizing-hormone","display_name":"luteinizing hormone","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gonadotropin-releasing-hormone","display_name":"gonadotropin-releasing hormone","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-axis","display_name":"hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-feedback-regulation","display_name":"negative feedback regulation","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778575703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50265477","display_name":"Luteinizing hormone","level":3,"score":0.8719066381454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.82185959815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.8005034923553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779029589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356002","display_name":"Anterior pituitary","level":3,"score":0.6135002374649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778782382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409770","display_name":"Gonadotropin","level":3,"score":0.569105863571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.5515732765197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777003273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164386","display_name":"Hypothalamus","level":2,"score":0.5446114540100098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5096321105957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778894405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318896","display_name":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone","level":4,"score":0.498399019241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058681","display_name":"Testosterone (patch)","level":2,"score":0.48965269327163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777736315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q636846","display_name":"Leydig cell","level":4,"score":0.46988844871520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197012351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099316","display_name":"Gonadotropic cell","level":4,"score":0.46143317222595215}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003937","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Differential","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007006","descriptor_name":"Hypogonadism","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007986","descriptor_name":"Luteinizing Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007986","descriptor_name":"Luteinizing Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1056/nejm199201163260309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199201163260309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199201163260309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62468778","display_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","issn_l":"0028-4793","issn":["0028-4793","0096-6762","1533-4406","2331-4710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320239","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Medical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320239"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Massachusetts Medical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New England Journal of Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1727549","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1727549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New England journal of medicine","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574285508","https://openalex.org/W1679692751","https://openalex.org/W1965945230","https://openalex.org/W2003092661","https://openalex.org/W2022202008","https://openalex.org/W2035694608","https://openalex.org/W2118699011","https://openalex.org/W2140270420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965945230","https://openalex.org/W4214928854","https://openalex.org/W2094865945","https://openalex.org/W196892846","https://openalex.org/W4242237486","https://openalex.org/W2094406136","https://openalex.org/W2385177222","https://openalex.org/W2167842763","https://openalex.org/W2096756178","https://openalex.org/W2039297294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"THE":[0],"Leydig":[1],"cells":[2],"of":[3,26,43,55,69,79],"the":[4,16,22,37,44,53,67,77],"testis":[5],"produce":[6],"testosterone":[7],"in":[8,91],"response":[9],"to":[10,58],"stimulation":[11],"by":[12,41,72],"luteinizing":[13,27,56,70,84],"hormone":[14,28,33,57,71,82],"from":[15],"anterior":[17,45],"pituitary.":[18],"The":[19],"stimulus":[20],"for":[21,52],"synthesis":[23],"and":[24,83],"secretion":[25,48,54,68,78],"is":[29,34,95],"gonadotropin-releasing":[30,81],"hormone.":[31,85],"Gonadotropin-releasing":[32],"secreted":[35],"into":[36],"hypothalamic\u2014pituitary":[38,93],"portal":[39],"circulation":[40],"neurons":[42],"hypothalamus;":[46],"its":[47],"must":[49],"be":[50,59],"pulsatile":[51],"normal.":[60],"In":[61],"addition,":[62],"testicular":[63],"steroids":[64],"negatively":[65],"regulate":[66],"direct":[73],"feedback":[74],"effects":[75],"on":[76],"both":[80],"Accordingly,":[86],"patients":[87],"with":[88],"Leydig-cell":[89],"insufficiency":[90],"whom":[92],"function":[94],"normal":[96],"have":[97],"elevated":[98],"concentrations":[99],".":[100,101,102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
