{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076894568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0369-104","title":"The First Electron Tube","display_name":"The First Electron Tube","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076894568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0369-104","mag":"2076894568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0369-104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0369-104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0369-104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100460328","display_name":"Scientific American","issn_l":"0036-8733","issn":["0036-8733","1946-7087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004583095","display_name":"George Shiers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Shiers","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004583095"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.2586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98545523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"220","issue":"3","first_page":"104","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.826200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.826200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.04600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.03610000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vacuum-tubes","display_name":"vacuum tubes","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-electronics","display_name":"history of electronics","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vacuum-diode","display_name":"vacuum diode","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guglielmo-marconi","display_name":"Guglielmo Marconi","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mirror-galvanometer","display_name":"mirror galvanometer","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-telegraphy","display_name":"wireless telegraphy","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093072","display_name":"Tube (container)","level":2,"score":0.5626437664031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.466597318649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3365337550640106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31059473752975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.14290136098861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.08565893769264221}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0369-104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0369-104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0369-104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100460328","display_name":"Scientific American","issn_l":"0036-8733","issn":["0036-8733","1946-7087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979242444","https://openalex.org/W765272545","https://openalex.org/W56009724","https://openalex.org/W2014947142","https://openalex.org/W1867443130","https://openalex.org/W2143857418","https://openalex.org/W4231654104","https://openalex.org/W4242294507","https://openalex.org/W4254032328","https://openalex.org/W7040867706"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
