{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076797635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.5.668","title":"Estimation of cerebrovascular reactivity using transcranial Doppler, including the use of breath-holding as the vasodilatory stimulus.","display_name":"Estimation of cerebrovascular reactivity using transcranial Doppler, including the use of breath-holding as the vasodilatory stimulus.","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076797635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.5.668","mag":"2076797635","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1579964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.str.23.5.668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.5.668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.5.668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62532593","display_name":"Stroke","issn_l":"0039-2499","issn":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stroke","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2076797635"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056940847","display_name":"Hugh Stephen Markus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9794-5996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9794-5996","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-623X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H S Markus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101594699","display_name":"Michael J. Harrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-7450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-7450"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M J Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":483,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92992564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"668","last_page":"673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrovascular-reactivity","display_name":"cerebrovascular reactivity","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrovascular-reserve","display_name":"cerebrovascular reserve","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breath-holding","display_name":"breath-holding","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-dioxide-reactivity","display_name":"carbon dioxide reactivity","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotid-stenosis","display_name":"carotid artery stenosis","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-vasodilation","display_name":"cerebral vasodilation","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-doppler","display_name":"transcranial Doppler","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperventilation","display_name":"hyperventilation","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-dioxide-challenge","display_name":"carbon dioxide challenge","score":0.41999998688697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778866228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328215","display_name":"Hypocapnia","level":4,"score":0.8836953043937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8325632810592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777037550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615759","display_name":"Hypercapnia","level":3,"score":0.7212041020393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777449187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575168","display_name":"Hyperventilation","level":2,"score":0.688491940498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120770815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14859627","display_name":"Vasodilation","level":2,"score":0.6490209102630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.5970385074615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191616109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3512319","display_name":"Transcranial Doppler","level":2,"score":0.5820491313934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.5265795588493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.45533034205436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.42179974913597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.34765520691871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778553927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185089","display_name":"Acidosis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001808","descriptor_name":"Blood Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001808","descriptor_name":"Blood Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002560","descriptor_name":"Cerebrovascular Circulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014664","descriptor_name":"Vasodilation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016893","descriptor_name":"Carotid Stenosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.str.23.5.668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.5.668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.23.5.668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62532593","display_name":"Stroke","issn_l":"0039-2499","issn":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stroke","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1579964","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1579964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stroke","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:3141191319","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/str.23.5.1579964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62532593","display_name":"Stroke","issn_l":"0039-2499","issn":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stroke","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978239735","https://openalex.org/W2008974122","https://openalex.org/W2026331231","https://openalex.org/W2049307476","https://openalex.org/W2069803133","https://openalex.org/W2111607494","https://openalex.org/W2160025504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019553681","https://openalex.org/W2368697021","https://openalex.org/W2110805067","https://openalex.org/W2043015474","https://openalex.org/W4292110185","https://openalex.org/W1967336551","https://openalex.org/W2406566329","https://openalex.org/W2368032805","https://openalex.org/W2520847308","https://openalex.org/W2071664514"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1],"PURPOSE:":[2],"A":[3,121],"proportion":[4],"of":[5,30,47,69,112,118,134,150,205,234,243,253],"individuals":[6],"with":[7,126,147,179],"carotid":[8,114,151],"artery":[9],"stenosis":[10],"show":[11],"a":[12,19,66,202,229],"reduced":[13,20],"cerebrovascular":[14,119,255],"reserve":[15,256],"as":[16,89,169,187,192,228],"measured":[17,103],"by":[18,52,57],"cerebral":[21,97],"arterial":[22],"vasodilatory":[23,33,91,161],"response":[24,63],"to":[25,64,79,99,208],"carbon":[26,59,71,84,100,135,236,244],"dioxide.":[27,72,136],"Two":[28],"methods":[29,140,176,252],"quantifying":[31],"this":[32],"response,":[34],"using":[35],"transcranial":[36,95],"Doppler":[37],"ultrasonography,":[38],"have":[39],"been":[40],"in":[41,83,104],"general":[42],"use:":[43],"the":[44,62,81,90,127,148,154,159,170,174,193,214,241],"total":[45],"range":[46,162],"vasodilation":[48],"between":[49],"hypocapnia,":[50],"induced":[51,56],"hyperventilation,":[53],"and":[54,61,173],"hypercapnia":[55],"breathing":[58,65],"dioxide,":[60,245],"fixed":[67],"concentration":[68],"5%":[70,194,215],"We":[73],"studied":[74],"whether":[75],"it":[76],"is":[77,257],"possible":[78],"use":[80],"rise":[82],"dioxide":[85,101,237],"occurring":[86],"during":[87],"breath-holding":[88,122,182,224],"stimulus.":[92],"METHODS:":[93],"Using":[94],"Doppler,":[96],"reactivity":[98,238],"was":[102,124,156,163,167],"23":[105],"subjects":[106],"undergoing":[107],"intravenous":[108],"digital":[109],"subtraction":[110],"angiography":[111],"their":[113],"arteries":[115],"for":[116],"symptoms":[117],"disease.":[120],"method":[123,166,183,196,217,225,233],"compared":[125,178],"two":[128],"previous":[129],"methods,":[130],"which":[131],"required":[132],"administration":[133,242],"RESULTS:":[137],"All":[138],"three":[139],"gave":[141,218],"results":[142],"that":[143],"correlated":[144,184],"highly":[145],"significantly":[146],"degree":[149],"stenosis,":[152],"although":[153,246],"correlation":[155],"highest":[157],"when":[158],"full":[160],"measured.":[164],"This":[165],"adopted":[168],"gold":[171,210],"standard,":[172],"other":[175],"were":[177],"it.":[180],"The":[181,223],"at":[185],"least":[186],"well":[188],"(rho":[189,197],"=":[190,198],"0.67)":[191],"CO2":[195,216],"0.64).":[199],"It":[200],"identified":[201],"similar":[203],"group":[204],"low":[206],"reactors":[207],"our":[209],"standard":[211],"method,":[212],"whereas":[213],"some":[219],"discrepant":[220],"results.":[221],"CONCLUSIONS:":[222],"offers":[226],"potential":[227],"convenient,":[230],"well-tolerated":[231],"screening":[232],"assessing":[235],"not":[239],"requiring":[240],"further":[247],"validation":[248],"against":[249],"more":[250],"established":[251],"measuring":[254],"first":[258],"required.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}