{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076797014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770070407","title":"The Male Nursing Student as a Token","display_name":"The Male Nursing Student as a Token","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076797014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770070407","mag":"2076797014","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6570058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/nur.4770070407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770070407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770070407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138039743","display_name":"Research in Nursing & Health","issn_l":"0160-6891","issn":["0160-6891","1098-240X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Nursing & Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072882306","display_name":"B. Kay Snavely","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Kay Snavely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, Speech, and Theater, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, Speech, and Theater, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063833421","display_name":"Gail Theus Fairhurst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9225-8284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9225-8284"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gail Theus Fairhurst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, Speech, and Theater, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, Speech, and Theater, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3138,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83980044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"287","last_page":"294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.5913000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.5913000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.1965000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12244","display_name":"Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues","score":0.07370000332593918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2911","display_name":"Leadership and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tokenism","display_name":"tokenism","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-nursing-students","display_name":"male nursing students","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-isolation","display_name":"social isolation","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-pressure","display_name":"performance pressure","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-apprehension","display_name":"communication apprehension","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-profession","display_name":"nursing profession","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-underrepresentation","display_name":"gender underrepresentation","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778966417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492145","display_name":"Tokenism","level":2,"score":0.746273398399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780409804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621701","display_name":"Apprehension","level":2,"score":0.6995589733123779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778765","display_name":"Social isolation","level":2,"score":0.5815426111221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5542565584182739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.4730895161628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.4539085328578949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4495641887187958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.43174049258232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3270467519760132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21655681729316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.08910718560218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000124","descriptor_name":"Achievement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005783","descriptor_name":"Gender Identity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009727","descriptor_name":"Nurses, Male","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011582","descriptor_name":"Psychological Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012934","descriptor_name":"Social Isolation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013315","descriptor_name":"Stress, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013338","descriptor_name":"Students, Nursing","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/nur.4770070407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770070407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770070407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138039743","display_name":"Research in Nursing & Health","issn_l":"0160-6891","issn":["0160-6891","1098-240X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in Nursing & Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6570058","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6570058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research in nursing & health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133083632","https://openalex.org/W1529972356","https://openalex.org/W1985028645","https://openalex.org/W1986612380","https://openalex.org/W2007177360","https://openalex.org/W2009358595","https://openalex.org/W2023012347","https://openalex.org/W2028121779","https://openalex.org/W2033773756","https://openalex.org/W2050038729","https://openalex.org/W2056929737","https://openalex.org/W2171822017","https://openalex.org/W2323985454","https://openalex.org/W2325605806","https://openalex.org/W2983625299","https://openalex.org/W3007590149","https://openalex.org/W4289256183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041095242","https://openalex.org/W169771458","https://openalex.org/W2104962452","https://openalex.org/W6990787730","https://openalex.org/W2584270956","https://openalex.org/W2592046910","https://openalex.org/W2031848158","https://openalex.org/W2128248631","https://openalex.org/W2258318876","https://openalex.org/W186276658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,10,13,90],"this":[3],"research":[4,69],"was":[5],"to":[6,15,30],"test":[7],"the":[8,80,87,91],"applicability":[9],"Kanter's":[11,19,75],"theory":[12,20],"tokenism":[14],"male":[16,43],"nursing":[17,46,52,92],"students.":[18],"states":[21],"that":[22],"numerical":[23],"underrepresentation,":[24],"not":[25,71],"cultural":[26],"factors,":[27],"causes":[28],"tokens":[29],"experience":[31],"greater":[32],"performance":[33,63],"pressure,":[34,64],"social":[35,58],"isolation,":[36,59],"and":[37,44,65,86],"role":[38],"entrapment.":[39],"Subjects":[40,54],"were":[41],"322":[42],"female":[45],"students":[47],"from":[48],"two":[49],"similar":[50],"midwestern":[51],"schools.":[53],"completed":[55],"instruments":[56],"measuring":[57],"upward":[60],"communication":[61,66],"distortion,":[62],"apprehension.":[67],"This":[68],"did":[70],"find":[72],"support":[73],"for":[74,79],"claims.":[76],"Possible":[77],"explanations":[78],"findings":[81],"include":[82],"sex":[83],"status":[84],"differences":[85],"nurturing":[88],"character":[89],"profession.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}