{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076747423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421011033458","title":"How bureaucrats and bean counters strangled General Motors by killing its brands","display_name":"How bureaucrats and bean counters strangled General Motors by killing its brands","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076747423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421011033458","mag":"2076747423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/10610421011033458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421011033458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421011033458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58171247","display_name":"Journal of Product & Brand Management","issn_l":"1061-0421","issn":["1061-0421","2054-1643"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Product &amp; Brand Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/93494","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044398351","display_name":"Erik L. Olson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-1165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-1165"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik L. Olson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian School of Management, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian School of Management, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050691639","display_name":"Hans Mathias Thj\u00f8m\u00f8e","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Mathias Thj\u00f8m\u00f8e","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian School of Management, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian School of Management, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8504,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93223562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"103","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10145","display_name":"Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification","score":0.3788999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10145","display_name":"Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification","score":0.3788999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13355","display_name":"Marketing and Advertising Strategies","score":0.3041999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12738","display_name":"Corporate Identity and Reputation","score":0.19349999725818634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-motors","display_name":"General Motors","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brand-management","display_name":"brand management","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brand-equity","display_name":"brand equity","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brand-portfolio","display_name":"brand portfolio","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"cost reduction","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-leadership","display_name":"managerial leadership","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-costs","display_name":"labor costs","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-mix","display_name":"product mix","score":0.6399999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.6434087157249451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6356832981109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.6312260627746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.6180235743522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775922551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135033","display_name":"Parallels","level":2,"score":0.5871182680130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5784732699394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5299302935600281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.529069721698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57375061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453181","display_name":"Brand management","level":2,"score":0.5027608871459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.287750780582428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.17952477931976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.13582491874694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.12454581260681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11482733488082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/10610421011033458","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421011033458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421011033458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58171247","display_name":"Journal of Product & Brand Management","issn_l":"1061-0421","issn":["1061-0421","2054-1643"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Product &amp; Brand Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:biopen.bi.no:11250/93494","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/93494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"103-113","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:biopen.bi.no:11250/93494","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/93494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"103-113","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588377944","https://openalex.org/W628703515","https://openalex.org/W1522916731","https://openalex.org/W1541180653","https://openalex.org/W1980194167","https://openalex.org/W1980282685","https://openalex.org/W1987993160","https://openalex.org/W1988579667","https://openalex.org/W1990513740","https://openalex.org/W1999950228","https://openalex.org/W2036119369","https://openalex.org/W2041444817","https://openalex.org/W2043288801","https://openalex.org/W2053542775","https://openalex.org/W2053675644","https://openalex.org/W2063169022","https://openalex.org/W2064610021","https://openalex.org/W2070299628","https://openalex.org/W2083984375","https://openalex.org/W2085118715","https://openalex.org/W2104934807","https://openalex.org/W2111771113","https://openalex.org/W2122378868","https://openalex.org/W2153913349","https://openalex.org/W2169510550","https://openalex.org/W2266639535","https://openalex.org/W2322630277","https://openalex.org/W3121590070","https://openalex.org/W4256173697","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253141707","https://openalex.org/W634662254","https://openalex.org/W2374324736","https://openalex.org/W6960096191","https://openalex.org/W2784611143","https://openalex.org/W4255507543","https://openalex.org/W3124074447","https://openalex.org/W2084739597","https://openalex.org/W4239204835","https://openalex.org/W3047151982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"This":[1,111],"paper":[2,215],"seeks":[3],"to":[4,8,85,143,164,177,183,192,204,220,234],"use":[5],"branding":[6],"literature":[7],"understand":[9],"the":[10,21,74,100,105,169,222,230],"rise":[11],"and":[12,34,38,40,65,103,155,162,199,249,251,259,263],"fall":[13],"of":[14,23,50,69,73,78,116,225,237],"GM's":[15,32,255],"brands.":[16,79],"Design/methodology/approach":[17],"The":[18,214],"approach":[19,219],"takes":[20,216],"form":[22],"presenting":[24],"a":[25,86,96,113,149,217],"case":[26,114],"analysis":[27],"using":[28,196],"secondary":[29],"sources":[30],"covering":[31],"brands":[33,102,138,175,190],"products,":[35],"managerial":[36],"leadership,":[37],"market":[39,247],"financial":[41,107],"performance":[42],"throughout":[43],"its":[44,51,90,166,238],"100\u2010year":[45],"history.":[46],"Findings":[47],"During":[48],"much":[49],"first":[52],"50":[53,92],"years,":[54],"GM":[55,84,101],"was":[56],"led":[57,233],"by":[58,211,228],"engineers":[59],"who":[60],"pioneered":[61],"professional":[62],"brand":[63,131,147,245],"management,":[64],"through":[66],"intelligent":[67],"allocation":[68],"resources":[70,157,172],"created":[71],"one":[72,118],"world's":[75],"strongest":[76],"portfolio":[77],"Government":[80],"anti\u2010trust":[81,197],"hearings":[82],"shifted":[83],"cost\u2010cutting":[87],"orientation":[88],"during":[89],"second":[91],"years":[93],"that":[94,127,145,181,207,232,252],"had":[95,129],"negative":[97],"impact":[98],"on":[99],"brought":[104],"current":[106,223],"problems.":[108],"Research":[109],"limitations/implications":[110],"is":[112],"study":[115],"only":[117],"firm,":[119],"but":[120],"parallels":[121],"are":[122,208],"drawn":[123],"with":[124,136,152,188,257],"other":[125],"firms":[126,187,203],"have":[128,253],"similar":[130],"issues.":[132],"Practical":[133],"implications":[134],"Firms":[135],"multiple":[137],"need":[139,176,191],"top":[140],"management":[141],"leadership":[142],"ensure":[144],"each":[146],"has":[148,243],"unique":[150],"mission":[151,170],"minimal":[153],"overlap":[154],"adequate":[156],"for":[158],"product":[159,264],"development,":[160],"innovation,":[161],"communications":[163],"achieve":[165],"mission.":[167],"If":[168],"or":[171],"disappear,":[173],"non\u2010core":[174],"be":[178,193],"terminated.":[179],"Governments":[180],"wish":[182],"support":[184],"well":[185],"managed":[186],"strong":[189],"careful":[194],"in":[195,241],"actions,":[198],"should":[200],"not":[201,209],"force":[202],"make":[205],"products":[206],"desired":[210],"customers.":[212],"Originality/value":[213],"novel":[218],"evaluating":[221],"state":[224],"General":[226],"Motors":[227],"examining":[229],"factors":[231],"chronic":[235],"mismanagement":[236],"brands,":[239],"which":[240],"turn":[242],"reduced":[244],"equity,":[246],"share,":[248],"profits,":[250],"magnified":[254],"problems":[256],"labor":[258],"legacy":[260],"costs,":[261],"productivity,":[262],"mix.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
