{"id":"https://openalex.org/W207674440","doi":null,"title":"Transport of nutrients and hormones through the blood-brain barrier.","display_name":"Transport of nutrients and hormones through the blood-brain barrier.","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W207674440","mag":"207674440","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6141071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:6141071","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6141071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Federation proceedings","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073892880","display_name":"William M. Pardridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1338"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W M Pardridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073892880"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93918054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"2","first_page":"201","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-brain-barrier","display_name":"blood-brain barrier","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-transport","display_name":"nutrient transport","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-transport","display_name":"glucose transport","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid-transport","display_name":"amino acid transport","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ketone-bodies","display_name":"ketone bodies","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choline-transport","display_name":"choline transport","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purine-transport","display_name":"purine transport","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-endothelium","display_name":"brain endothelium","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-kinetics","display_name":"transport kinetics","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-metabolism","display_name":"brain metabolism","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steroid-hormones","display_name":"steroid hormones","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-hormones","display_name":"thyroid hormones","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-hormones","display_name":"peptide hormones","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circumventricular-organs","display_name":"circumventricular organs","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-receptor","display_name":"insulin receptor","score":0.7699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694","display_name":"Blood\u2013brain barrier","level":3,"score":0.7558350563049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.59676593542099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5482531189918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.5235756635665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.46599069237709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.44243746995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.37421077489852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.36624589562416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.365274041891098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3444473147392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.1373046636581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000596","descriptor_name":"Amino Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001692","descriptor_name":"Biological Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001812","descriptor_name":"Blood-Brain Barrier","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002352","descriptor_name":"Carrier Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006728","descriptor_name":"Hormones","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009419","descriptor_name":"Nerve Tissue Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:6141071","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6141071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Federation proceedings","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:207674440","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6141071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.766700029373169,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015212543","https://openalex.org/W1995304741","https://openalex.org/W1998875060","https://openalex.org/W2010589521","https://openalex.org/W2058610680","https://openalex.org/W2012531784","https://openalex.org/W1126274060","https://openalex.org/W4386109409","https://openalex.org/W2536096592","https://openalex.org/W2325375660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35,73,193],"transport":[1,41,60,91,158],"of":[2,32,39,53,95,126,195],"circulating":[3,71,147,204],"nutrients":[4],"(glucose,":[5],"amino":[6],"acids,":[7],"ketone":[8],"bodies,":[9],"choline,":[10],"and":[11,49,57,98,104,124,132],"purines)":[12],"through":[13,61,135],"the":[14,19,47,50,62,83,93,136,139,179,191,212,215],"brain":[15,33,96,120,137,175,209],"endothelial":[16],"wall,":[17],"i.e.,":[18],"blood-brain":[20],"barrier":[21],"(BBB),":[22],"is":[23,141],"an":[24],"important":[25,84],"regulatory":[26],"step":[27],"in":[28,36,46,92],"several":[29],"substrate-limited":[30],"pathways":[31],"metabolism.":[34],"vivo":[37],"kinetics":[38],"nutrient":[40,90],"has":[42],"been":[43,163],"well":[44],"characterized":[45],"rat,":[48],"kinetic":[51,74,117],"constants":[52,75],"saturable":[54],"(Km,":[55],"Vmax)":[56],"nonsaturable":[58],"(KD)":[59],"BBB":[63,89,140,157,196],"are":[64,169,188],"now":[65],"known":[66],"for":[67,160,186],"more":[68],"than":[69],"30":[70],"nutrients.":[72],"can":[76],"be":[77],"used":[78],"to":[79,110,115,143,152,171],"gain":[80],"insight":[81],"into":[82,174],"rate-limiting":[85],"role":[86],"played":[87],"by":[88,202],"regulation":[94],"metabolism":[97],"function.":[99],"Unlike":[100],"most":[101],"nutrients,":[102],"steroid":[103],"thyroid":[105],"hormones":[106,145],"circulate":[107],"tightly":[108],"bound":[109],"plasma":[111,130,148],"proteins.":[112,149],"However,":[113,167],"owing":[114],"favorable":[116],"relationships":[118],"among":[119],"capillary":[121],"transit":[122],"times":[123],"rates":[125],"hormone":[127,133],"dissociation":[128],"from":[129],"proteins":[131],"diffusion":[134],"endothelia,":[138],"able":[142,170],"strip":[144],"off":[146],"With":[150],"regard":[151],"peptide":[153,197,213],"hormone,":[154],"no":[155],"specific":[156,184],"systems":[159],"peptides":[161,168,205],"have":[162],"identified":[164],"thus":[165],"far.":[166],"rapidly":[172,207],"distribute":[173],"interstitial":[176],"space":[177],"at":[178],"circumventricular":[180],"organs.":[181],"In":[182],"addition,":[183],"receptors":[185,198],"insulin":[187],"located":[189],"on":[190],"BBB.":[192,216],"presence":[194],"provides":[199],"a":[200],"mechanism":[201],"which":[203],"may":[206],"influence":[208],"function":[210],"without":[211],"crossing":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}