{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076731990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2000.17.915","title":"Review of Current Evidence for Apoptosis After Spinal Cord Injury","display_name":"Review of Current Evidence for Apoptosis After Spinal Cord Injury","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076731990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2000.17.915","mag":"2076731990","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11063057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/neu.2000.17.915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2000.17.915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2000.17.915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85864898","display_name":"Journal of Neurotrauma","issn_l":"0897-7151","issn":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurotrauma","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2076731990"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008043111","display_name":"Michael S. Beattie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9463-3631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9463-3631"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802841970","display_name":"The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00c01js51","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL S. BEATTIE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, USA. beattie.2@osu.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, USA. beattie.2@osu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802841970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109080939","display_name":"A. A. Farooqui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AKHLAQ A. FAROOQUI","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035979238","display_name":"Jacqueline C. Bresnahan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2243-7054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2243-7054"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JACQUELINE C. BRESNAHAN","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5028,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":526,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94991922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"915","last_page":"925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord-injury","display_name":"spinal cord injury","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-injury","display_name":"secondary injury","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmed-cell-death","display_name":"programmed cell death","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/necrosis","display_name":"necrosis","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligodendrocyte-death","display_name":"oligodendrocyte death","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demyelination","display_name":"demyelination","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microglial-activation","display_name":"microglial activation","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caspases","display_name":"caspases","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-matter","display_name":"white matter","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytes","display_name":"astrocytes","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurons","display_name":"neurons","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lesion-evolution","display_name":"lesion evolution","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779830541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622829","display_name":"Microglia","level":3,"score":0.8012303709983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.6794261336326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415275","display_name":"Spinal cord injury","level":3,"score":0.6395933628082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.6341549158096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6006571650505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.5462680459022522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.5032798647880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.487250953912735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776985911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916698","display_name":"Oligodendrocyte","level":4,"score":0.44396883249282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.4378817081451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.4328557252883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98424977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25805","display_name":"Caspase","level":4,"score":0.41122332215309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3820052444934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3701822757720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.3319220542907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3232077956199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778609137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105790271","display_name":"Myelin","level":3,"score":0.14794641733169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.06277450919151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009336","descriptor_name":"Necrosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009410","descriptor_name":"Nerve Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009410","descriptor_name":"Nerve Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009410","descriptor_name":"Nerve Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/neu.2000.17.915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2000.17.915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2000.17.915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85864898","display_name":"Journal of Neurotrauma","issn_l":"0897-7151","issn":["0897-7151","1557-9042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurotrauma","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11063057","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11063057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurotrauma","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479786696","https://openalex.org/W1500818454","https://openalex.org/W1507112934","https://openalex.org/W1522782595","https://openalex.org/W1530777667","https://openalex.org/W1536213364","https://openalex.org/W1550247880","https://openalex.org/W1565999785","https://openalex.org/W1572857592","https://openalex.org/W1603434131","https://openalex.org/W1907724378","https://openalex.org/W1948129507","https://openalex.org/W1963523765","https://openalex.org/W1966004273","https://openalex.org/W1975724680","https://openalex.org/W1976333492","https://openalex.org/W1982598770","https://openalex.org/W1983285229","https://openalex.org/W1983763140","https://openalex.org/W1985075855","https://openalex.org/W1992861384","https://openalex.org/W1996568613","https://openalex.org/W1996901446","https://openalex.org/W1999379822","https://openalex.org/W2001512038","https://openalex.org/W2002503549","https://openalex.org/W2008344394","https://openalex.org/W2008820260","https://openalex.org/W2009097870","https://openalex.org/W2016619600","https://openalex.org/W2017600459","https://openalex.org/W2019250475","https://openalex.org/W2025392129","https://openalex.org/W2032606215","https://openalex.org/W2032841404","https://openalex.org/W2035274471","https://openalex.org/W2049110705","https://openalex.org/W2053846609","https://openalex.org/W2055744694","https://openalex.org/W2056843357","https://openalex.org/W2057866248","https://openalex.org/W2062793260","https://openalex.org/W2064140038","https://openalex.org/W2070755035","https://openalex.org/W2079376639","https://openalex.org/W2084473246","https://openalex.org/W2090998971","https://openalex.org/W2093738970","https://openalex.org/W2101698988","https://openalex.org/W2116234096","https://openalex.org/W2117659036","https://openalex.org/W2124908609","https://openalex.org/W2138302361","https://openalex.org/W2139902700","https://openalex.org/W2153490715","https://openalex.org/W2157047802","https://openalex.org/W2167392643","https://openalex.org/W2332793877","https://openalex.org/W2797732082","https://openalex.org/W4230916704","https://openalex.org/W4293384371","https://openalex.org/W4313371597"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088960537","https://openalex.org/W1963523765","https://openalex.org/W4389473675","https://openalex.org/W7143949014","https://openalex.org/W1982598770","https://openalex.org/W4390917253","https://openalex.org/W1527455107","https://openalex.org/W2378490056","https://openalex.org/W2040911541","https://openalex.org/W2055744694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,123,143],"initial":[1],"mechanical":[2],"tissue":[3],"disruption":[4],"of":[5,15,22,38,61,90,103,108,116,125,145,178,197,201,213,229],"spinal":[6],"cord":[7],"injury":[8,17,27,51,74,136],"(SCI)":[9],"is":[10,93,155,172,224],"followed":[11],"by":[12],"a":[13,70,101,156],"period":[14],"secondary":[16,26,244],"that":[18,55,82,165,210,226,241],"increases":[19],"the":[20,23,36,80,88,106,176,198,211,214],"size":[21],"lesion.":[24],"has":[28],"long":[29],"been":[30],"thought":[31],"to":[32,35,140,183,235],"be":[33,85,169,184],"due":[34],"continuation":[37],"cellular":[39,56],"destruction":[40],"through":[41],"necrotic":[42],"(or":[43],"passive)":[44],"cell":[45,63],"death.":[46],"Recent":[47],"evidence":[48,81,99,174],"from":[49,100],"brain":[50],"and":[52,97,137,161,191,221],"ischemia":[53],"suggested":[54],"apoptosis,":[57],"an":[58],"active":[59],"form":[60],"programmed":[62],"death":[64,124],"seen":[65],"during":[66],"development,":[67],"could":[68],"play":[69],"role":[71],"in":[72,75,87,114,127,186,188],"CNS":[73],"adulthood.":[76],"Here,":[77],"we":[78],"review":[79],"apoptosis":[83,109,146,187,230],"may":[84,138,168],"important":[86,179],"pathophysiology":[89],"SCI.":[91,111,207],"There":[92,171],"now":[94],"strong":[95],"morphological":[96],"biochemical":[98],"number":[102],"laboratories":[104],"demonstrating":[105],"presence":[107],"after":[110,135,147,206,216,231],"Apoptosis":[112],"occurs":[113],"populations":[115],"neurons,":[117],"oligodendrocytes,":[118,163],"microglia,":[119],"and,":[120],"perhaps,":[121],"astrocytes.":[122],"oligodendrocytes":[126],"white":[128],"matter":[129],"tracts":[130],"continues":[131],"for":[132,175,238],"many":[133],"weeks":[134],"contribute":[139],"post-injury":[141],"demyelination.":[142],"mediators":[144],"SCI":[148,217,232],"are":[149,204],"not":[150],"well":[151],"understood,":[152],"but":[153],"there":[154],"close":[157],"relationship":[158],"between":[159],"microglia":[160],"dying":[162],"suggesting":[164],"microglial":[166],"activation":[167,177],"involved.":[170],"also":[173],"intracellular":[180],"pathways":[181],"known":[182],"involved":[185],"other":[189],"cells":[190],"systems.":[192],"For":[193],"example,":[194],"some":[195],"members":[196],"caspase":[199],"family":[200],"cysteine":[202],"proteases":[203],"activated":[205],"It":[208,223],"appears":[209],"evolution":[212],"lesion":[215],"involves":[218],"both":[219],"necrosis":[220],"apoptosis.":[222],"likely":[225],"better":[227],"understanding":[228],"will":[233],"lead":[234],"novel":[236],"strategies":[237],"therapeutic":[239],"interventions":[240],"can":[242],"diminish":[243],"injury.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-11-15T12:55:33.944570","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
