{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076372184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2006.884870","title":"Negative Bias Temperature Instability: Estimation and Design for Improved Reliability of Nanoscale Circuits","display_name":"Negative Bias Temperature Instability: Estimation and Design for Improved Reliability of Nanoscale Circuits","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076372184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2006.884870","mag":"2076372184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2006.884870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2006.884870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2006.884870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111972172","display_name":"Bipul C. Paul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150981","display_name":"Toshiba (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/051vpgk97","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I4210150981"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bipul C. Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toshiba America Research, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","Toshiba America Res. Inc, San Jose, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toshiba America Research, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toshiba America Res. Inc, San Jose, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110245954","display_name":"Kunhyuk Kang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunhyuk Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Calumet, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Calumet, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090637193","display_name":"Haldun K\u00fcfl\u00fco\u011flu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haldun Kufluoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Calumet, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Calumet, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062737334","display_name":"Muhammad Ashraful Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-6043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8775-6043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad A. Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Calumet, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Calumet, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031161187","display_name":"Kaushik Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-9695","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-9695"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Calumet, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Calumet, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0264,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96992795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"743","last_page":"751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.7339000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.7339000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.08829999715089798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-bias-temperature-instability","display_name":"negative bias temperature instability","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nbti","display_name":"NBTI","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-voltage-degradation","display_name":"threshold voltage degradation","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor-sizing","display_name":"transistor sizing","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-degradation-prediction","display_name":"performance degradation prediction","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-aware-design","display_name":"reliability-aware design","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-reliability","display_name":"temporal reliability","score":0.40799999237060547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6987194","display_name":"Negative-bias temperature instability","level":5,"score":0.8942285776138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.7526131868362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7470982074737549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.717161238193512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778309119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5121614","display_name":"Circuit reliability","level":4,"score":0.5948015451431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5561721920967102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.5293997526168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45206210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2415817","display_name":"Nanoscopic scale","level":2,"score":0.497698575258255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4869004786014557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4553114175796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.4500367045402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4416534900665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81843906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173156","display_name":"Digital electronics","level":3,"score":0.4209398627281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195370968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754002","display_name":"Threshold voltage","level":4,"score":0.3634079098701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3324587643146515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.22262582182884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18809491395950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1851825714111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.14061954617500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.10025390982627869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06403940916061401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcad.2006.884870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2006.884870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2006.884870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100835903","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"0278-0070","issn":["0278-0070","1937-4151"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584309135","https://openalex.org/W1970285553","https://openalex.org/W1991891926","https://openalex.org/W2006589289","https://openalex.org/W2041424982","https://openalex.org/W2108923470","https://openalex.org/W2112188813","https://openalex.org/W2112542663","https://openalex.org/W2122507955","https://openalex.org/W2124222584","https://openalex.org/W2141907973","https://openalex.org/W2142908374","https://openalex.org/W2144651789","https://openalex.org/W2172199212","https://openalex.org/W2539625543","https://openalex.org/W2540699116","https://openalex.org/W2545401637","https://openalex.org/W2787523326","https://openalex.org/W4231119589","https://openalex.org/W4251367234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099679924","https://openalex.org/W2142908374","https://openalex.org/W7095478418","https://openalex.org/W2101686625","https://openalex.org/W2170333286","https://openalex.org/W2165130438","https://openalex.org/W2103792078","https://openalex.org/W1991431227","https://openalex.org/W2120802493","https://openalex.org/W1596279127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Negative":[0],"bias":[1],"temperature":[2],"instability":[3],"(NBTI)":[4],"has":[5],"become":[6],"one":[7,48,105],"of":[8,16,28,41,54,61,80,87,100,111],"the":[9,24,38,51,70,78],"major":[10],"causes":[11],"for":[12,83,113],"temporal":[13,25],"reliability":[14,79],"degradation":[15,27,40,53,73],"nanoscale":[17,81],"circuits.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"paper,":[21],"we":[22],"analyze":[23],"delay":[26],"logic":[29],"circuits":[30,82,94,112],"due":[31,45],"to":[32,46,76],"NBTI.":[33],"We":[34,63],"show":[35,95],"that":[36,96],"knowing":[37],"threshold-voltage":[39],"a":[42,55,58,66,84,108],"single":[43],"transistor":[44],"NBTI,":[47],"can":[49,106],"predict":[50],"performance":[52,72,110],"circuit":[56],"with":[57,97],"reasonable":[59],"degree":[60],"accuracy.":[62],"also":[64],"propose":[65],"sizing":[67],"algorithm,":[68],"taking":[69],"NBTI-affected":[71],"into":[74],"account":[75],"ensure":[77,107],"given":[85],"period":[86],"time.":[88],"Experimental":[89],"results":[90],"on":[91],"several":[92],"benchmark":[93],"an":[98],"average":[99],"8.7%":[101],"increase":[102],"in":[103],"area,":[104],"reliable":[109],"ten":[114],"years":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
