{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076322211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90081-5","title":"Global Ice-Sheet System Interlocked by Sea Level","display_name":"Global Ice-Sheet System Interlocked by Sea Level","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076322211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90081-5","mag":"2076322211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0033-5894(86)90081-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90081-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90081-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202995604","display_name":"Quaternary Research","issn_l":"0033-5894","issn":["0033-5894","1096-0287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quaternary Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064152938","display_name":"George H. Denton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George H. Denton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geological Sciences and Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469","Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geological Sciences and Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073751310","display_name":"Terence J. Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-9743","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-9743"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terence J. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geological Sciences and Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469","Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geological Sciences and Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008343366","display_name":"Wibj\u00f6rn Karl\u00e9n","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wibj\u00f6rn Karl\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Geography, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Geography, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98198516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-level","display_name":"sea level","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antarctic-ice-sheet","display_name":"Antarctic ice sheet","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grounded-ice-sheet","display_name":"grounded ice sheet","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/last-deglaciation","display_name":"last deglaciation","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-co2","display_name":"atmospheric CO2","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-shelves","display_name":"ice shelves","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-atlantic-deep-water","display_name":"North Atlantic Deep Water","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-hemisphere-climate","display_name":"Southern Hemisphere climate","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123750103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12599","display_name":"Ice sheet","level":2,"score":0.7596372961997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7397791147232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780223605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571430","display_name":"Antarctic ice sheet","level":4,"score":0.6871106624603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197435368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109","display_name":"Cryosphere","level":3,"score":0.5965611934661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777252438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41228","display_name":"Southern Hemisphere","level":2,"score":0.5507017374038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.5407434105873108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.535485565662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195048187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4468919","display_name":"Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere","level":3,"score":0.5302312970161438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778835443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39061","display_name":"Northern Hemisphere","level":2,"score":0.5290260314941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134543767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319627","display_name":"Ice-sheet model","level":5,"score":0.5278974175453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.5021052360534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178100555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211446","display_name":"Milankovitch cycles","level":3,"score":0.5013682842254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160464908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26185","display_name":"Quaternary","level":2,"score":0.47918379306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150484471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125928","display_name":"Climate oscillation","level":5,"score":0.46381279826164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16335420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18205270","display_name":"Antarctic sea ice","level":4,"score":0.43379783630371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.4118688404560089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3029043674468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.2593042254447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.22343003749847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15739521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602963","display_name":"Glacial period","level":2,"score":0.19577062129974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114990195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430548","display_name":"Effects of global warming","level":4,"score":0.13564634323120117}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0033-5894(86)90081-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90081-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90081-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202995604","display_name":"Quaternary Research","issn_l":"0033-5894","issn":["0033-5894","1096-0287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quaternary Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64901069","https://openalex.org/W69156291","https://openalex.org/W88898610","https://openalex.org/W157334361","https://openalex.org/W181175356","https://openalex.org/W261353131","https://openalex.org/W1485073635","https://openalex.org/W1491826018","https://openalex.org/W1525780586","https://openalex.org/W1549706842","https://openalex.org/W1568484517","https://openalex.org/W1575907268","https://openalex.org/W1585475743","https://openalex.org/W1589441541","https://openalex.org/W1622941400","https://openalex.org/W1623351220","https://openalex.org/W1654141584","https://openalex.org/W1671223743","https://openalex.org/W1680531415","https://openalex.org/W1967824723","https://openalex.org/W1969104934","https://openalex.org/W1969750058","https://openalex.org/W1979588291","https://openalex.org/W1979766340","https://openalex.org/W1982112039","https://openalex.org/W1987399250","https://openalex.org/W1988331452","https://openalex.org/W1991438325","https://openalex.org/W2000165948","https://openalex.org/W2003052326","https://openalex.org/W2003860828","https://openalex.org/W2005161733","https://openalex.org/W2007137128","https://openalex.org/W2007397895","https://openalex.org/W2015181657","https://openalex.org/W2022545034","https://openalex.org/W2029783693","https://openalex.org/W2030938627","https://openalex.org/W2032895971","https://openalex.org/W2043299369","https://openalex.org/W2043984462","https://openalex.org/W2047968463","https://openalex.org/W2053458539","https://openalex.org/W2054179059","https://openalex.org/W2054345153","https://openalex.org/W2057106057","https://openalex.org/W2059735366","https://openalex.org/W2062418387","https://openalex.org/W2069494025","https://openalex.org/W2071199293","https://openalex.org/W2076054488","https://openalex.org/W2077230584","https://openalex.org/W2083903057","https://openalex.org/W2087093492","https://openalex.org/W2087826446","https://openalex.org/W2122006593","https://openalex.org/W2124649833","https://openalex.org/W2130830552","https://openalex.org/W2152228230","https://openalex.org/W2157426825","https://openalex.org/W2177224142","https://openalex.org/W2225866350","https://openalex.org/W2318991685","https://openalex.org/W2325723040","https://openalex.org/W2489216125","https://openalex.org/W2910297893","https://openalex.org/W3088090303","https://openalex.org/W3115020294","https://openalex.org/W3159666538","https://openalex.org/W3211475013","https://openalex.org/W4255713056","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6629060799","https://openalex.org/W6711418830","https://openalex.org/W6794717237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986579155","https://openalex.org/W2059735366","https://openalex.org/W3088198383","https://openalex.org/W7008538814","https://openalex.org/W3205078058","https://openalex.org/W3205572683","https://openalex.org/W7213738271","https://openalex.org/W2307686836","https://openalex.org/W2803207502","https://openalex.org/W2785771122"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Denton":[0],"and":[1,18,57,66,112,137,161,169,173,184,232,261,294,302],"Hughes":[2],"(1983,Quaternary":[3],"Research20,":[4],"125\u2013144)":[5],"postulated":[6,211,241],"that":[7,38,50,120,212,242],"sea":[8,78],"level":[9,79],"linked":[10,151,224],"a":[11,81,101,248],"global":[12,69,317],"ice-sheet":[13,54,104,258,318],"system":[14,55],"with":[15,247],"both":[16,43,145],"terrestrial":[17],"grounded":[19,89,128,227],"marine":[20,40],"components":[21,41],"during":[22],"late":[23],"Quaternary":[24],"ice":[25,141,222,228],"ages.":[26],"Summer":[27],"temperature":[28],"changes":[29,63,125],"near":[30],"Northern":[31,256],"Hemisphere":[32,135,235,257],"melting":[33,259,301],"margins":[34,260],"initiated":[35,311],"sea-level":[36,304],"fluctuations":[37],"controlled":[39,284],"in":[42,144,214],"polar":[44,146,265],"hemispheres.":[45,147],"It":[46,209,238],"was":[47,203,321],"further":[48,240],"proposed":[49],"variations":[51,213],"of":[52,74,84,88,91,100,115,126,255,275,314],"this":[53,75],"amplified":[56],"transmitted":[58],"Milankovitch":[59,243],"summer":[60,244],"half-year":[61],"insolation":[62,245],"between":[64],"45":[65],"75\u00b0N":[67],"into":[68],"climatic":[70,205],"changes.":[71],"New":[72],"tests":[73],"hypothesis":[76],"implicate":[77],"as":[80],"major":[82],"control":[83],"the":[85,92,98,127,139,156,226,262,307,315],"areal":[86,124],"extent":[87],"portions":[90],"Antarctic":[93,129,221],"Ice":[94,130],"Sheet,":[95],"thus":[96],"fitting":[97],"concept":[99],"globally":[102],"interlocked":[103,316],"system.":[105],"But":[106],"recent":[107],"atmospheric":[108,215,285],"modeling":[109],"results":[110],"(Manabe":[111],"Broccoli,":[113],"1985,Journal":[114],"Geophysical":[116,191,195],"Research90,":[117],"2167\u20132190)":[118],"suggest":[119],"factors":[121,310],"other":[122],"than":[123],"Sheet":[131],"strongly":[132],"influenced":[133],"Southern":[134,234],"climate":[136],"terminated":[138],"last":[140],"age":[142],"simultaneously":[143],"Atmospheric":[148,164,174],"carbon":[149,165,216,286],"dioxide":[150,217,287],"to":[152,179,225,230],"high-latitude":[153],"oceans":[154],"is":[155,210,239],"most":[157,326],"likely":[158],"candidate":[159],"(Shackleton":[160],"Pisias,":[162],"1985,":[163],"dioxide,":[166],"orbital":[167],"forcing,":[168],"climate.In\u201cThe":[170],"Carbon":[171],"Cycle":[172],"CO2:":[175],"Natural":[176],"Variations":[177],"Archean":[178],"Present\u201d":[180],"(E.":[181],"T.":[182],"Sundquest":[183],"W.":[185],"S.":[186,289],"Broecker,":[187,290],"Eds.),":[188],"pp.":[189],"303\u2013318.":[190],"Monograph":[192],"32,":[193],"American":[194],"Union,":[196],"Washington,":[197],"D.C.),":[198],"but":[199,325],"another":[200],"potential":[201],"influence":[202],"high-frequency":[204,250],"oscillations":[206],"(2500":[207],"yr).":[208],"acted":[218],"through":[219],"an":[220],"shelf":[223],"sheet":[229],"produce":[231],"terminate":[233],"ice-age":[236],"climate.":[237],"combined":[246],"warm":[249],"oscillation":[251],"caused":[252],"marked":[253],"recession":[254],"North":[263,276],"Atlantic":[264,277],"front":[266],"about":[267],"14,00014C":[268],"yr":[269],"B.P.":[270],"This":[271],"permitted":[272],"renewed":[273],"formation":[274],"Deep":[278],"Water,":[279],"which":[280,320],"could":[281],"well":[282],"have":[283],"(W.":[288],"D.":[291,295],"M.":[292],"Peteet,":[293],"Rind,":[296],"1985,Nature(London)":[297],"315,":[298],"21\u201326).":[299],"Combined":[300],"consequent":[303],"rise":[305],"from":[306],"three":[308],"warming":[309],"irreversible":[312],"collapse":[313],"system,":[319],"at":[322],"its":[323],"largest":[324],"vulnerable":[327],"configuration.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}