{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076205488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1277-108","title":"The Retinex Theory of Color Vision","display_name":"The Retinex Theory of Color Vision","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076205488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1277-108","mag":"2076205488","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/929159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1277-108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1277-108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1277-108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100460328","display_name":"Scientific American","issn_l":"0036-8733","issn":["0036-8733","1946-7087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048984992","display_name":"Edwin Herbert Land","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edwin H. Land","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048984992"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3035,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9623265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"237","issue":"6","first_page":"108","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.5238999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.5238999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.4738999903202057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinex","display_name":"Retinex","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-vision","display_name":"color vision","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-perception","display_name":"color perception","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"retina","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-processing","display_name":"cortical processing","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"reflectivity","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-photography","display_name":"color photography","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-film","display_name":"color film","score":0.4300000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187888035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2563885","display_name":"Color constancy","level":3,"score":0.8877699971199036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61674017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374259","display_name":"Color vision","level":2,"score":0.622613251209259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6007358431816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5980724096298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4838915765285492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1340678334236145}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003118","descriptor_name":"Color Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008029","descriptor_name":"Lighting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010786","descriptor_name":"Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012168","descriptor_name":"Retinal Pigments","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1277-108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1277-108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1277-108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100460328","display_name":"Scientific American","issn_l":"0036-8733","issn":["0036-8733","1946-7087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:929159","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/929159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific American","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.475.6201","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.475.6201","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/18365325/470399326/name/E.Land_-_Retinex_Theory%255B1%255D.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068412010","https://openalex.org/W2164847484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164847484","https://openalex.org/W4312080439","https://openalex.org/W4210358338","https://openalex.org/W3204311275","https://openalex.org/W2022120604","https://openalex.org/W3111905585","https://openalex.org/W1989199318","https://openalex.org/W4251498103","https://openalex.org/W1993728203","https://openalex.org/W2600900747"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":262},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":324},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":283},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":272},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":264},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":198},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":161},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":56}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
