{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076198447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00316.x","title":"Role of Ocular Melanin in Ophthalmic Physiology and Pathology \u2020","display_name":"Role of Ocular Melanin in Ophthalmic Physiology and Pathology \u2020","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076198447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00316.x","mag":"2076198447","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18346089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00316.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00316.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00316.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61245073","display_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","issn_l":"0031-8655","issn":["0031-8655","1751-1097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/74367","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052214110","display_name":"Dan\u2010Ning Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-8739","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-8739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181190671","display_name":"New York Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/03dkvy735","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181190671"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799431996","display_name":"New York Eye and Ear Infirmary","ror":"https://ror.org/00tcb9k97","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799431996"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124028","display_name":"Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02ntc9t93","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124028"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan\u2010Ning Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tissue Culture Center, Department of Pathology, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary and New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA. hu2095@yahoo.com","Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","Tissue Culture Center, Department of Pathology, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary and New York Medical College, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tissue Culture Center, Department of Pathology, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary and New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA. hu2095@yahoo.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181190671","https://openalex.org/I2799431996"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tissue Culture Center, Department of Pathology, The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary and New York Medical College, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181190671","https://openalex.org/I2799431996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110434913","display_name":"John D. Simon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John D. Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055790390","display_name":"Tadeusz Sarna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7693-5756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7693-5756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadeusz Sarna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052214110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181190671","https://openalex.org/I2799431996","https://openalex.org/I4210124028"],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8662,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":261,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64870932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"3","first_page":"639","last_page":"644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11328","display_name":"Ocular Oncology and Treatments","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanosomes","display_name":"melanosomes","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uveal-melanocytes","display_name":"uveal melanocytes","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-pigment-epithelium","display_name":"retinal pigment epithelium","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-pigment-epithelium","display_name":"iris pigment epithelium","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciliary-body","display_name":"ciliary body","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-crest","display_name":"neural crest","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroectoderm","display_name":"neuroectoderm","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eumelanin","display_name":"eumelanin","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pheomelanin","display_name":"pheomelanin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoprotection","display_name":"photoprotection","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-pigmentation","display_name":"eye pigmentation","score":0.6290000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94435474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065756","display_name":"Melanosome","level":3,"score":0.8807013034820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107538193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187526","display_name":"Melanin","level":2,"score":0.8716984987258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.8250452876091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778434524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048080","display_name":"Ciliary body","level":2,"score":0.7921706438064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271762","display_name":"Choroid","level":3,"score":0.7509474754333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126749454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348455","display_name":"Neural crest","level":3,"score":0.5935602784156799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145103041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151519","display_name":"Embryonic stem cell","level":3,"score":0.5877913236618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5606471300125122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.5584511756896973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776713392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278859","display_name":"Uvea","level":3,"score":0.495077520608902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346242","display_name":"Retinal pigment epithelium","level":3,"score":0.4799252152442932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.446415513753891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.43656855821609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3894810080528259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2452203929424286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21218568086624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776148792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3041498","display_name":"Eye disease","level":2,"score":0.13042473793029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196843134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196","display_name":"Embryo","level":2,"score":0.11337283253669739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09363856911659241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008268","descriptor_name":"Macular Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008543","descriptor_name":"Melanins","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008545","descriptor_name":"Melanoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009799","descriptor_name":"Ocular Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00316.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00316.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00316.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61245073","display_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","issn_l":"0031-8655","issn":["0031-8655","1751-1097"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photochemistry and Photobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18346089","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18346089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Photochemistry and photobiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/74367","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/74367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/74367","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/74367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10366070","https://openalex.org/W11034591","https://openalex.org/W76240134","https://openalex.org/W87455339","https://openalex.org/W100084024","https://openalex.org/W125469150","https://openalex.org/W132229772","https://openalex.org/W150200418","https://openalex.org/W156851963","https://openalex.org/W158025363","https://openalex.org/W183701603","https://openalex.org/W1492802771","https://openalex.org/W1500275217","https://openalex.org/W1501000594","https://openalex.org/W1503853200","https://openalex.org/W1511891512","https://openalex.org/W1526484867","https://openalex.org/W1529807758","https://openalex.org/W1716167184","https://openalex.org/W1720145358","https://openalex.org/W1964359358","https://openalex.org/W1965038445","https://openalex.org/W1965456186","https://openalex.org/W1969222525","https://openalex.org/W1970068068","https://openalex.org/W1976221126","https://openalex.org/W1980333061","https://openalex.org/W1983676359","https://openalex.org/W1986826106","https://openalex.org/W1991437967","https://openalex.org/W1994275974","https://openalex.org/W1999316239","https://openalex.org/W2006572461","https://openalex.org/W2008663448","https://openalex.org/W2011210363","https://openalex.org/W2014419387","https://openalex.org/W2015946400","https://openalex.org/W2016677224","https://openalex.org/W2017904838","https://openalex.org/W2018867983","https://openalex.org/W2019890257","https://openalex.org/W2023063954","https://openalex.org/W2023530692","https://openalex.org/W2026944058","https://openalex.org/W2028491827","https://openalex.org/W2033621877","https://openalex.org/W2037915677","https://openalex.org/W2043584813","https://openalex.org/W2048409658","https://openalex.org/W2055086201","https://openalex.org/W2058372909","https://openalex.org/W2059661853","https://openalex.org/W2061857205","https://openalex.org/W2062048425","https://openalex.org/W2062055939","https://openalex.org/W2069240197","https://openalex.org/W2080584000","https://openalex.org/W2085408843","https://openalex.org/W2087723473","https://openalex.org/W2092863866","https://openalex.org/W2094923159","https://openalex.org/W2110786975","https://openalex.org/W2115596750","https://openalex.org/W2117109470","https://openalex.org/W2121982170","https://openalex.org/W2145471691","https://openalex.org/W2147440920","https://openalex.org/W2154250852","https://openalex.org/W2164668280","https://openalex.org/W2167535056","https://openalex.org/W2175406334","https://openalex.org/W2411031570","https://openalex.org/W4248715188","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3038662692","https://openalex.org/W1997613894","https://openalex.org/W2740765255","https://openalex.org/W1970068068","https://openalex.org/W185039801","https://openalex.org/W7028721038","https://openalex.org/W112510026","https://openalex.org/W7113016636","https://openalex.org/W1915455","https://openalex.org/W1970045389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13],"mammalian":[1],"eye":[2,14],"consists":[3],"of":[4,7,54,64,79,109,119,122,151,156],"several":[5],"layers":[6],"pigmented":[8],"tissues":[9,32],"that":[10],"contain":[11],"melanin.":[12],"is":[15,60],"a":[16,117],"unique":[17],"organ":[18],"for":[19],"pigment":[20,40,126],"cell":[21],"research":[22],"because":[23],"one":[24],"can":[25],"isolate":[26],"and":[27,33,38,75,82,101,128,141,145,148,165],"compare":[28],"melanosomes":[29],"from":[30,45,51,89],"different":[31],"embryonic":[34,56],"origins.":[35],"Retinal,":[36],"iris":[37,81],"ciliary":[39,83],"epithelial":[41],"cells":[42,71],"are":[43,87,134],"derived":[44],"the":[46,52,55,62,65,69,73,77,80,90,93,97,106,113,120,125,146,152],"neural":[47,91],"ectoderm,":[48],"more":[49],"specifically":[50],"extremity":[53],"optical":[57],"cup,":[58],"which":[59],"also":[61],"origin":[63,95],"retina.":[66],"In":[67],"contrast,":[68],"pigment-generating":[70],"in":[72,76,99,112,124,136,162],"choroid":[74],"stroma":[78],"body,":[84],"uveal":[85,129],"melanocytes,":[86,130],"developed":[88],"crest,":[92],"same":[94],"as":[96,160],"melanocytes":[98],"skin":[100],"hair.":[102],"This":[103],"review":[104],"examines":[105],"potential":[107],"functions":[108],"ocular":[110,163],"melanin":[111],"human":[114],"eye.":[115],"Following":[116],"discussion":[118],"role":[121],"melanins":[123,157],"epithelium":[127],"three":[131],"specific":[132],"topics":[133],"explored":[135],"detail-photo-screening":[137],"protective":[138,143],"effects,":[139,144],"biophysical":[140],"biochemical":[142],"biologic":[147],"photobiologic":[149],"effects":[150],"two":[153],"main":[154],"classes":[155],"(generally":[158],"found":[159],"mixtures":[161],"melanosomes)--eumelanin":[164],"pheomelanin.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
