{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076149249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.391434","title":"A microscopic investigation of bubble formation nuclei","display_name":"A microscopic investigation of bubble formation nuclei","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076149249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.391434","mag":"2076149249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.391434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.391434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.391434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041633779","display_name":"David Eugene Yount","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. E. Yount","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026990806","display_name":"E. W. Gillary","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. W. Gillary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069913724","display_name":"D. C. Hoffman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. C. Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8903,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8247619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"5","first_page":"1511","last_page":"1521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11401","display_name":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11401","display_name":"Minerals Flotation and Separation Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11842","display_name":"Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10721","display_name":"Surfactants and Colloidal Systems","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble-formation","display_name":"bubble formation","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-nuclei","display_name":"gas nuclei","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble-nucleation","display_name":"bubble nucleation","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gelatin","display_name":"gelatin","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distilled-water","display_name":"distilled water","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surfactant-films","display_name":"surfactant films","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monolayer-thickness","display_name":"monolayer thickness","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-clusters","display_name":"nuclear clusters","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble-coalescence","display_name":"bubble coalescence","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble-burst","display_name":"bubble bursting","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osmium-tetroxide-staining","display_name":"osmium tetroxide staining","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-irradiation","display_name":"electron irradiation","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93877712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132560","display_name":"Electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.6885356903076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149792144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071902","display_name":"Coalescence (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6744009256362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.6121591329574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779424567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422021","display_name":"Osmium tetroxide","level":3,"score":0.5679803490638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179254","display_name":"Gelatin","level":2,"score":0.5611647963523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5409227013587952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.45827198028564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192157962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087243","display_name":"Bilayer","level":3,"score":0.44846802949905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166595027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143983","display_name":"Epoxy","level":2,"score":0.4472339451313019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.3438403010368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.25900137424468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.23610439896583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.23083743453025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1868908405303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.14381736516952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14155793190002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.391434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.391434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.391434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332290","display_name":"Hawai'i Sea Grant, University of Hawai'i","ror":"https://ror.org/053598c22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W612945737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045201497","https://openalex.org/W110384367","https://openalex.org/W2995890617","https://openalex.org/W2060850815","https://openalex.org/W2969346508","https://openalex.org/W4301271426","https://openalex.org/W2753075472","https://openalex.org/W2077199503","https://openalex.org/W1965940981","https://openalex.org/W2295217541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Numerous":[0],"experiments":[1],"suggest":[2],"that":[3,98,122],"bubble":[4],"formation":[5],"in":[6,52,149,171,176],"aqueous":[7],"media":[8],"is":[9,31,93,124,142],"initiated":[10],"by":[11,95,156,164],"stable":[12],"gas":[13,62,91],"nuclei.":[14],"Although":[15],"attempts":[16],"have":[17],"been":[18],"made":[19,154],"both":[20,53],"to":[21,24,190],"detect":[22],"and":[23,42,56,58,74,105,115,180],"describe":[25],"these":[26,133],"entities,":[27],"their":[28],"very":[29],"existence":[30],"still":[32],"controversial.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"reports":[36],"a":[37],"detailed":[38],"investigation":[39],"using":[40],"light":[41],"electron":[43,192],"microscopes.":[44],"The":[45,82,110,129],"objects":[46],"identified":[47],"as":[48],"nuclei":[49,99,120,146,183],"are":[50,65,147,162],"found":[51],"distilled":[54],"water":[55],"gelatin,":[57],"they":[59],"resemble":[60],"ordinary":[61],"bubbles.":[63],"Radii":[64],"on":[66],"the":[67,96,102,137,178,191],"order":[68],"of":[69,79,112,116,132,139,151,182],"1":[70],"\u03bcm":[71],"or":[72,118],"less":[73],"can":[75,184],"be":[76,185],"three":[77],"orders":[78],"magnitude":[80],"smaller.":[81],"number":[83],"density":[84],"decreases":[85,104],"exponentially":[86],"with":[87,167],"increasing":[88],"radius.":[89],"A":[90],"filling":[92],"implied":[94],"observation":[97],"expand":[100],"when":[101,107],"pressure":[103],"contract":[106],"it":[108],"rises.":[109],"occurrence":[111],"nuclear":[113],"clusters":[114],"binary":[117],"osculating":[119],"suggests":[121],"stabilization":[123],"achieved":[125],"via":[126],"surfactant":[127],"films.":[128],"monolayer":[130],"thickness":[131],"films,":[134],"estimated":[135],"from":[136],"thicknesses":[138],"bilayer":[140],"septa,":[141],"(20\u00b17)":[143],"\u00c5.":[144],"Many":[145],"embedded":[148],"reservoirs":[150],"surface-active":[152],"material":[153],"visible":[155],"osmium\u2013tetroxide":[157],"staining.":[158],"Electron":[159],"microscope":[160],"sections":[161],"hardened":[163],"infiltrating":[165],"gelatin":[166],"epoxy.":[168],"Reservoirs,":[169],"encased":[170],"epoxy,":[172],"form":[173],"microbubble":[174],"chambers":[175],"which":[177],"coalescence":[179],"bursting":[181],"studied":[186],"during":[187],"extended":[188],"exposures":[189],"beam.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
