{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076148671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2007.017129","title":"Clustered and missing data in the US National Trauma Data Bank: implications for analysis","display_name":"Clustered and missing data in the US National Trauma Data Bank: implications for analysis","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076148671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2007.017129","mag":"2076148671","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18388229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/ip.2007.017129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2007.017129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2007.017129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81674035","display_name":"Injury Prevention","issn_l":"1353-8047","issn":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Injury Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109191473","display_name":"B. Roudsari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094379","display_name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/00q16t150","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094379"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B Roudsari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas 75309-9128, USA. bahman.roudsari@utsouthwestern.edu","University of Texas School of Public Health, 5323 Harry Hines, V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas 75309-9128, USA. bahman.roudsari@utsouthwestern.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas School of Public Health, 5323 Harry Hines, V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107248613","display_name":"Craig A. Field","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-3242","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1012-3242"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094379","display_name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/00q16t150","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094379"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Field","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094379"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043690829","display_name":"Ra\u00fal Caetano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-5249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-5249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094379","display_name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/00q16t150","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867280407","display_name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05byvp690","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Caetano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA","University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867280407"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109191473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094379"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87344373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"96","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.5435000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.5435000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.37209999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.029500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-trauma-data-bank","display_name":"National Trauma Data Bank","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustered-data","display_name":"clustered data","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"missing data","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-imputation","display_name":"multiple imputation","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complete-case-analysis","display_name":"complete case analysis","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-centers","display_name":"trauma centers","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-alcohol-concentration","display_name":"blood alcohol concentration","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-resource-utilization","display_name":"emergency department resource utilization","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-ct","display_name":"head CT","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-disposition","display_name":"hospital disposition","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8110605478286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.7130848169326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5372661352157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.5077970623970032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.45601773262023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.43942171335220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41759198904037476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38264328241348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.32925480604171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.2136048674583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20630484819412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15127667784690857}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000431","descriptor_name":"Ethanol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014193","descriptor_name":"Trauma Centers","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014947","descriptor_name":"Wounds and Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014947","descriptor_name":"Wounds and Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/ip.2007.017129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2007.017129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.2007.017129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81674035","display_name":"Injury Prevention","issn_l":"1353-8047","issn":["1353-8047","1475-5785"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Injury Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18388229","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18388229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119770098","https://openalex.org/W411317504","https://openalex.org/W568564792","https://openalex.org/W1492075988","https://openalex.org/W1587990062","https://openalex.org/W1603121691","https://openalex.org/W1965041020","https://openalex.org/W1976566530","https://openalex.org/W1979231358","https://openalex.org/W1996772399","https://openalex.org/W2018097747","https://openalex.org/W2042087905","https://openalex.org/W2056208640","https://openalex.org/W2078794872","https://openalex.org/W2083923042","https://openalex.org/W2100358124","https://openalex.org/W2101831741","https://openalex.org/W2104694481","https://openalex.org/W2112591947","https://openalex.org/W2113559481","https://openalex.org/W2115336678","https://openalex.org/W2121944882","https://openalex.org/W2127841934","https://openalex.org/W2146371758","https://openalex.org/W2149860264","https://openalex.org/W2158985195","https://openalex.org/W2160489028","https://openalex.org/W2163424852","https://openalex.org/W2300221107","https://openalex.org/W4205701142","https://openalex.org/W4211101039","https://openalex.org/W4244211022","https://openalex.org/W4255827160","https://openalex.org/W4293108385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034111452","https://openalex.org/W2043448085","https://openalex.org/W1991669793","https://openalex.org/W7027710562","https://openalex.org/W2125703774","https://openalex.org/W2066986049","https://openalex.org/W1519206164","https://openalex.org/W2791273274","https://openalex.org/W4393868207","https://openalex.org/W2624012323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Injury":[1],"researchers":[2],"are":[3,15],"increasingly":[4],"using":[5,116,128,233],"the":[6,22,55,60,67,76,124,129,147,157,175,179,219,234,242],"US":[7],"National":[8],"Trauma":[9],"Data":[10],"Bank":[11],"(NTDB).":[12],"However,":[13],"there":[14],"some":[16],"methodological":[17,35],"issues":[18,36,52],"that":[19,26,65,164,217],"might":[20,53],"threaten":[21],"validity":[23],"of":[24,40,57,99,141,156,181],"studies":[25,216],"use":[27,180],"this":[28,222],"database":[29],"for":[30,119,139,178,213],"injury":[31],"research.":[32],"METHODS:":[33],"Two":[34],"were":[37,88,171],"evaluated:":[38],"clustering":[39,98,125,140,243],"patients":[41,100,142,209],"within":[42,101,143],"trauma":[43,102,144],"centers":[44,145],"and":[45,83,96,122,152,224,228],"missing":[46,94,108,211],"data.":[47],"To":[48],"illustrate":[49],"how":[50],"these":[51],"affect":[54],"results":[56,155],"a":[58,182],"study,":[59],"following":[61],"four":[62],"analytical":[63],"approaches":[64],"evaluated":[66],"association":[68,220],"between":[69,221],"patients'":[70,80,120,225],"blood":[71],"alcohol":[72],"concentration":[73],"(BAC)":[74],"in":[75,149,194,204,215],"emergency":[77],"department":[78],"(ED),":[79],"resource":[81,226],"utilization,":[82],"ED":[84,229],"or":[85,230],"hospital":[86,231],"disposition":[87],"compared:":[89],"(A)":[90],"deleting":[91,105],"subjects":[92,106],"with":[93,107,210],"BAC":[95,109,121,214],"ignoring":[97,123,241],"centers;":[103],"(B)":[104],"while":[110,132],"taking":[111,133],"into":[112,134],"account":[113,135],"clustering;":[114],"(C)":[115],"imputed":[117,130,161],"values":[118,212],"issue;":[126],"(D)":[127],"data":[131,162],"clustering.":[136],"RESULTS:":[137],"Adjustment":[138],"increased":[146],"CIs":[148],"models":[150],"B":[151,196],"D.":[153,206],"The":[154],"analyses":[158],"based":[159,166],"on":[160,167],"showed":[163],"estimates":[165],"complete":[168],"case":[169],"analysis":[170],"biased.":[172],"For":[173],"example,":[174],"odds":[176],"ratio":[177],"head":[183],"CT":[184],"scan":[185],"fell":[186],"from":[187],"1.84":[188],"(95%":[189,199],"CI":[190,200],"1.49":[191],"to":[192,197,202,237,246],"2.28)":[193],"approach":[195,205],"1.26":[198],"0.98":[201],"1.64)":[203],"CONCLUSIONS:":[207],"Excluding":[208],"evaluate":[218],"variable":[223],"utilization":[227],"disposition,":[232],"NTDB,":[235],"led":[236,245],"biased":[238],"estimates.":[239],"Furthermore,":[240],"design":[244],"artificially":[247],"narrow":[248],"CIs.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}