{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076080481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1996.tb00903.x","title":"Financial Distress Costs and Delayed Calls of Convertible Bonds: An Empirical Analysis","display_name":"Financial Distress Costs and Delayed Calls of Convertible Bonds: An Empirical Analysis","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076080481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1996.tb00903.x","mag":"2076080481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1540-6288.1996.tb00903.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1996.tb00903.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1996.tb00903.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9351053","display_name":"Financial Review","issn_l":"0732-8516","issn":["0732-8516","1540-6288"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Financial Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020252098","display_name":"V. Sivarama Krishnan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113618177","display_name":"Cameron University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rgv0036","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113618177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Sivarama Krishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cameron University, 2800 W Gore Blvd, Lawton, OK 73505"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cameron University, 2800 W Gore Blvd, Lawton, OK 73505","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113618177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046632394","display_name":"Ramesh P. Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-477X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-477X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh P. Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409","Texas Tech Univ. Lubbock, TX, 79409"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech Univ. Lubbock, TX, 79409","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39296845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"4","first_page":"913","last_page":"925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9009000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9009000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":0.053300000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11496","display_name":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convertible-bonds","display_name":"convertible bonds","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-distress-costs","display_name":"financial distress costs","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-aversion","display_name":"risk aversion","score":0.8640000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777600642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1508707","display_name":"Call option","level":2,"score":0.7280893325805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.536998450756073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192081164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056625","display_name":"Convertible bond","level":3,"score":0.5266038179397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11693","display_name":"Bond","level":2,"score":0.5153698325157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5113500952720642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163428354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047513","display_name":"Cash flow","level":2,"score":0.49875903129577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116168712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181201","display_name":"Dividend","level":2,"score":0.4932531714439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.4663250744342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.43097859621047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.4278542399406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.4226577579975128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3886986970901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.25867441296577454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2514105439186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1540-6288.1996.tb00903.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1996.tb00903.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.1996.tb00903.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9351053","display_name":"Financial Review","issn_l":"0732-8516","issn":["0732-8516","1540-6288"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Financial Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550697635","https://openalex.org/W2007071867","https://openalex.org/W2022049145","https://openalex.org/W2045566935","https://openalex.org/W2047158682","https://openalex.org/W2052723744","https://openalex.org/W2064641383","https://openalex.org/W2080166350","https://openalex.org/W2112980561","https://openalex.org/W2119987604","https://openalex.org/W2143202747","https://openalex.org/W2152464153","https://openalex.org/W2168051602","https://openalex.org/W3022010200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165013949","https://openalex.org/W3125276392","https://openalex.org/W2101037933","https://openalex.org/W3087412419","https://openalex.org/W2291455844","https://openalex.org/W3103096496","https://openalex.org/W1539577144","https://openalex.org/W2375985593","https://openalex.org/W2129700283","https://openalex.org/W2152464153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Theoretical":[1],"analysis":[2],"implies":[3],"that":[4,28,103,144],"optimal":[5],"call":[6,11,22,35,45,99,126,162,169],"policy":[7],"would":[8],"be":[9],"to":[10,31,68,98,131,140],"the":[12,17,21,34,37,40,44,50,53,70,74,78,81,84,90,93,100,104,111,114,121,125,132,136,142,155,159,164,168],"bonds":[13,94,101],"as":[14,16],"soon":[15],"conversion":[18,41,75,122,165],"value":[19,42,76,123,166],"equals":[20],"price.":[23,170],"Empirical":[24],"studies,":[25],"however,":[26],"report":[27],"firms":[29,91],"appear":[30],"systematically":[32],"delay":[33],"and":[36,43,63,77,124,147,167],"difference":[38,72,119,157],"between":[39,61,73,120,163],"price":[46,127],"is":[47,128],"large":[48,71,87,118,156],"at":[49,80,158],"time":[51,82,160],"of":[52,83,89,135,149,161],"call.":[54,85],"This":[55],"study":[56],"examines":[57],"convertible":[58],"bond":[59],"calls":[60],"1977":[62],"1993,":[64],"with":[65],"a":[66],"view":[67,143],"explain":[69,154],"call\u2010price":[79],"A":[86],"majority":[88],"calling":[92],"have":[95],"cash\u2010flow":[96],"incentive":[97],"in":[102],"after\u2010tax":[105],"interest":[106],"payments":[107],"are":[108],"higher":[109],"than":[110],"dividends":[112],"on":[113],"converted":[115],"shares.":[116],"The":[117],"positively":[129],"related":[130],"risk":[133,145],"characteristics":[134],"firm.":[137],"Evidence":[138],"seems":[139],"support":[141],"aversion":[146],"fear":[148],"potential":[150],"financial":[151],"distress":[152],"may":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
