{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075922752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","title":"OBSERVING RESPONSES IN PIGEONS","display_name":"OBSERVING RESPONSES IN PIGEONS","publication_year":1962,"publication_date":"1962-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075922752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","mag":"2075922752","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14454921","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1404184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109839613","display_name":"Roger T. Kelleher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger T. Kelleher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Now at Harvard Medical School","SMITH KLINE & FRENCH LABORATORIES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Now at Harvard Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SMITH KLINE & FRENCH LABORATORIES","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046942798","display_name":"William C. Riddle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William C. Riddle","raw_affiliation_strings":["SMITH KLINE & FRENCH LABORATORIES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SMITH KLINE & FRENCH LABORATORIES","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087484984","display_name":"Leonard Cook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["SMITH KLINE & FRENCH LABORATORIES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SMITH KLINE & FRENCH LABORATORIES","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1169,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93850806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.8866999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.8866999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.046300001442432404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observing-responses","display_name":"observing responses","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigeons","display_name":"pigeons","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-ratio-schedules","display_name":"variable-ratio schedules","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-ratio-schedules","display_name":"fixed-ratio schedules","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus-control","display_name":"stimulus control","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinction","display_name":"extinction","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorpromazine","display_name":"chlorpromazine","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-effects-on-behavior","display_name":"drug effects on behavior","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-rate","display_name":"response rate","score":0.335999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7941617965698242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4952615797519684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4923058748245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57022672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617378","display_name":"Stimulus control","level":3,"score":0.4699837267398834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.23115390539169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.21513602137565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1878764033317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001717","descriptor_name":"Birds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005502","descriptor_name":"Food","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010856","descriptor_name":"Columbidae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:441516","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1404184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1404184","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1404184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Anal Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:14454921","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14454921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1962.5-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2075922752.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2075922752.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1864780475","https://openalex.org/W2052115679","https://openalex.org/W2091144676","https://openalex.org/W2147263781","https://openalex.org/W2161389006","https://openalex.org/W2165073330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082546896","https://openalex.org/W2065825345","https://openalex.org/W2733217962","https://openalex.org/W6903658748","https://openalex.org/W1980491129","https://openalex.org/W2333484309","https://openalex.org/W2313523041","https://openalex.org/W1970327605","https://openalex.org/W6959854542","https://openalex.org/W2159684367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pigeons":[0],"were":[1,34,102,144],"trained":[2],"on":[3,27,38,70,80,98],"an":[4,134],"observing-response":[5,125,140,160],"procedure":[6],"in":[7,55],"which":[8],"periods":[9],"of":[10,138,169],"VR":[11,24,52,148],"100":[12,53],"and":[13,57],"EXT":[14,143],"alternated":[15],"unpredictably":[16],"during":[17,73,142,147],"a":[18,28,46,58,108],"white":[19],"light":[20,48,60],"(mixed":[21],"stimulus).":[22],"During":[23],"100,":[25],"responses":[26,91,101,114,118],"food-producing":[29,82,113],"key":[30,41,72,83],"(the":[31,42],"first":[32],"key)":[33,44],"intermittently":[35],"reinforced.":[36],"Responses":[37],"the":[39,74,81,85,93,105,124,153],"observing":[40,90,100,117,170],"second":[43],"produced":[45,92],"green":[47],"(positive":[49],"stimulus)":[50,62],"when":[51,84,163],"was":[54,165],"effect,":[56],"red":[59],"(negative":[61],"for":[63],"EXT.":[64],"The":[65],"birds":[66],"did":[67,119],"not":[68,120],"respond":[69],"either":[71,122],"negative":[75,96],"stimulus,":[76,123],"but":[77,157],"they":[78],"responded":[79],"positive":[86,94],"stimulus":[87,97],"appeared.":[88],"When":[89,116],"or":[95],"FR,":[99],"maintained":[103],"until":[104],"FR":[106,135],"reached":[107],"maximum;":[109],"beyond":[110],"this,":[111],"only":[112],"occurred.":[115],"produce":[121],"rates":[126,141,161],"fell":[127],"to":[128,133],"zero.":[129],"With":[130],"prolonged":[131],"exposure":[132],"20":[136],"schedule":[137],"observing,":[139],"higher":[145],"than":[146],"100.":[149],"Chlorpromazine":[150],"hydrochloride":[151],"decreased":[152],"total":[154],"response":[155,171],"output":[156],"markedly":[158],"increased":[159],"except":[162],"it":[164],"administered":[166],"before":[167],"sessions":[168],"extinction.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
