{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075813745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00245-1","title":"Cortical and cancellous bone in the human femoral neck: Evaluation of an interactive image analysis system","display_name":"Cortical and cancellous bone in the human femoral neck: Evaluation of an interactive image analysis system","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075813745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00245-1","mag":"2075813745","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8922655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00245-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00245-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00245-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121725775","display_name":"Bone","issn_l":"1873-2763","issn":["1873-2763","8756-3282"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bone","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K.L. Bell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K.L. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK. klb22@medschl.cam.ac.uk","Bone Research Group, MRC, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK. klb22@medschl.cam.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bone Research Group, MRC, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111707162","display_name":"Nigel J. Garrahan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Garrahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047606933","display_name":"Michaela Kneissel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4789-5684","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4789-5684"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144011","display_name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology","ror":"https://ror.org/051kb4j80","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799334681","https://openalex.org/I4210144011"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kneissel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Osteology, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Osteology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144011"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036403947","display_name":"Nigel Loveridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-7584","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-7584"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Loveridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bone Research Group, MRC, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bone Research Group, MRC, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077287669","display_name":"Evelyn Grau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Grau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bone Research Group, MRC, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bone Research Group, MRC, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107839163","display_name":"Michael Stanton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97429440","display_name":"University of Wales","ror":"https://ror.org/01se4f844","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Stanton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175","https://openalex.org/I97429440"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060210420","display_name":"JONATHAN REEVE","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-2682","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-2682","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-0405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Reeve","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bone Research Group, MRC, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bone Research Group, MRC, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":{"value":3960,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3960},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.1816,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99207528,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"541","last_page":"548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.8310999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.8310999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.09570000320672989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femoral-neck","display_name":"femoral neck","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-bone","display_name":"cortical bone","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trabecular-bone","display_name":"trabecular bone","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-porosity","display_name":"cortical porosity","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-cross-section","display_name":"bone cross-sections","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-analysis-software","display_name":"image analysis software","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-operator-reproducibility","display_name":"inter-operator reproducibility","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmental-analysis","display_name":"segmental analysis","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-of-mass","display_name":"center of mass","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-distribution","display_name":"bone distribution","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-and-sex-differences","display_name":"age and sex differences","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4144372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675287","display_name":"Magnification","level":2,"score":0.8671315908432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776350087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868","display_name":"Cancellous bone","level":2,"score":0.8494268655776978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781451080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868","display_name":"Cortical bone","level":2,"score":0.7961511611938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.7945126295089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775854910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4844892","display_name":"Femoral neck","level":3,"score":0.6693215370178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.5246886610984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44980257749557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780554211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176503","display_name":"Femur","level":2,"score":0.42427289485931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.39288491010665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3361320495605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3271949291229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.313524067401886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21605870127677917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1646137237548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.13725066184997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06063157320022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05873781442642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001853","descriptor_name":"Bone Marrow","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005272","descriptor_name":"Femur Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005272","descriptor_name":"Femur Neck","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015519","descriptor_name":"Bone Density","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016062","descriptor_name":"Porosity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00245-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00245-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00245-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121725775","display_name":"Bone","issn_l":"1873-2763","issn":["1873-2763","8756-3282"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bone","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8922655","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8922655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bone","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490715661","https://openalex.org/W1964193834","https://openalex.org/W1977273464","https://openalex.org/W1981110957","https://openalex.org/W1986174771","https://openalex.org/W1990119775","https://openalex.org/W1995512718","https://openalex.org/W1996131009","https://openalex.org/W2000461506","https://openalex.org/W2034982601","https://openalex.org/W2060398686","https://openalex.org/W2065025827","https://openalex.org/W2075269759","https://openalex.org/W2077784020","https://openalex.org/W2094834771","https://openalex.org/W2105947698","https://openalex.org/W2166573727","https://openalex.org/W2333877202","https://openalex.org/W2401813691","https://openalex.org/W2464332109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083376901","https://openalex.org/W4236224602","https://openalex.org/W4205356699","https://openalex.org/W2037869021","https://openalex.org/W2207349749","https://openalex.org/W2606804192","https://openalex.org/W2156409450","https://openalex.org/W2140375955","https://openalex.org/W2405859651","https://openalex.org/W2092049076"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}