{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075765112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948902200813","title":"Why Siegel's Arguments Are Irrelevant to the Definition of Learning Disabilities","display_name":"Why Siegel's Arguments Are Irrelevant to the Definition of Learning Disabilities","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075765112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948902200813","mag":"2075765112","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2794772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002221948902200813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948902200813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948902200813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071223665","display_name":"R. Scott Baldwin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106879","display_name":"Ohio University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jr3y717","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106879"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Scott Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["R. Scott, Baldwin received his PhD in education and linguistics from Ohio University in 1976 and is currently a professor of education and the assistant provost at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. His primary research interest is the psychology of reading. Address: R. Scott Baldwin, P.O. Box 248065, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R. Scott, Baldwin received his PhD in education and linguistics from Ohio University in 1976 and is currently a professor of education and the assistant provost at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. His primary research interest is the psychology of reading. Address: R. Scott Baldwin, P.O. Box 248065, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581","https://openalex.org/I4210106879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078597198","display_name":"Sharon R. Vaughn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8305-5549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8305-5549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Vaughn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharon, Vaughn is an associate professor at the University of Miami with appointments in teaching and learning and psychology. She is the coordinator of the learning disabilities program. Her research interests focus on the social development and social skills training of students with learning and behavior problems"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharon, Vaughn is an associate professor at the University of Miami with appointments in teaching and learning and psychology. She is the coordinator of the learning disabilities program. Her research interests focus on the social development and social skills training of students with learning and behavior problems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.721875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"8","first_page":"513","last_page":"513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.9473000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.030899999663233757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13447","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Assessments","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/definition-of-learning-disabilities","display_name":"definition of learning disabilities","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence-quotient","display_name":"intelligence quotient","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siegel","display_name":"Siegel","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability","display_name":"intellectual disability","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-criteria","display_name":"diagnostic criteria","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15107229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860740","display_name":"Learning disability","level":2,"score":0.8192101716995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8012322187423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4872833490371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.34637975692749023}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001076","descriptor_name":"Aptitude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004519","descriptor_name":"Education, Special","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007361","descriptor_name":"Intelligence Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012017","descriptor_name":"Referral and Consultation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002221948902200813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948902200813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002221948902200813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26220619","display_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","issn_l":"0022-2194","issn":["0022-2194","1469-0047","1538-4780","2047-6108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2794772","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2794772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of learning disabilities","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064481020","https://openalex.org/W2087492197","https://openalex.org/W2103196690","https://openalex.org/W2118045815","https://openalex.org/W2162508970","https://openalex.org/W2170328193","https://openalex.org/W2172469709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966054238","https://openalex.org/W2061419330","https://openalex.org/W2117642416","https://openalex.org/W2074830350","https://openalex.org/W7095806914","https://openalex.org/W2160450939","https://openalex.org/W2061917275","https://openalex.org/W2122882799","https://openalex.org/W2005958961","https://openalex.org/W2587629744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Les":[0],"auteurs":[1],"se":[2],"situent":[3],"en":[4],"faveur":[5],"de":[6,9],"la":[7,18],"these":[8],"SIEGEL":[10,31],"selon":[11],"laquelle":[12],"le":[13],"Q.I.":[14],"est":[15],"inadequat":[16],"pour":[17],"definition":[19],"des":[20],"handicaps":[21],"d'apprentissage.":[22],"Neanmoins,":[23],"ils":[24],"montrent":[25],"que":[26,37],"les":[27],"arguments":[28,39],"employes":[29],"par":[30],"ne":[32],"sont":[33],"pas":[34],"pertinents":[35],"et":[36],"d'autres":[38],"s'imposent":[40]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
