{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075436701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3294356","title":"Structure of Rust on Weathering Steel in Rural and Industrial Environments","display_name":"Structure of Rust on Weathering Steel in Rural and Industrial Environments","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075436701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3294356","mag":"2075436701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5006/1.3294356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3294356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3294356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149373597","display_name":"CORROSION","issn_l":"0010-9312","issn":["0010-9312","1938-159X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800784","host_organization_name":"NACE International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800784"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["NACE International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Corrosion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039652751","display_name":"HE Townsend","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.E. Townsend","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Homer Research Laboratories, Bethlehem, PA 18016"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Homer Research Laboratories, Bethlehem, PA 18016","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082584992","display_name":"Theresa Comeau Simpson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.C. Simpson","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Bethlehem Steel Corp., Homer Research Laboratories, Bethlehem, PA, 18016","1Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Homer Research Laboratories, Bethlehem, PA 18016"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Bethlehem Steel Corp., Homer Research Laboratories, Bethlehem, PA, 18016","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Homer Research Laboratories, Bethlehem, PA 18016","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G.L. Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113028","display_name":"Air Products (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ydrx675","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.L. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["**Air Products and Chemicals Inc., 7201 Hamilton Blvd., Allentown, PA, 18195","2Air Products and Chemicals Inc., 7201 Hamilton Blvd., Allentown, PA, 18195"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"**Air Products and Chemicals Inc., 7201 Hamilton Blvd., Allentown, PA, 18195","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Air Products and Chemicals Inc., 7201 Hamilton Blvd., Allentown, PA, 18195","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3375,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48498865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"7","first_page":"546","last_page":"554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10310","display_name":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","score":0.8901000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10310","display_name":"Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition","score":0.8901000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10736","display_name":"Hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion behaviors in metals","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11877","display_name":"Iron oxide chemistry and applications","score":0.028300000354647636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weathering-steel","display_name":"weathering steel","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rust-programming-language","display_name":"Rust","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-rust-layer","display_name":"protective rust layer","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goethite","display_name":"goethite","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lepidocrocite","display_name":"lepidocrocite","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hematite","display_name":"hematite","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetite","display_name":"magnetite","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-film","display_name":"passive film","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-time","display_name":"exposure time","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alloy-composition","display_name":"alloy composition","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-environments","display_name":"industrial environments","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-environment","display_name":"rural environment","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-potential","display_name":"electrochemical potential","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-spectroscopy","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","score":0.8090000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776411116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1024124","display_name":"Weathering steel","level":3,"score":0.9175926446914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197781089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575650","display_name":"Rust (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.7171571254730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40724407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179177","display_name":"Weathering","level":2,"score":0.7158360481262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.4685702323913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4516429901123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3985525369644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3504411578178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33431369066238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3035926818847656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.29133081436157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.14113500714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14095687866210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5006/1.3294356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3294356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3294356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149373597","display_name":"CORROSION","issn_l":"0010-9312","issn":["0010-9312","1938-159X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800784","host_organization_name":"NACE International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800784"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["NACE International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Corrosion","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970337273","https://openalex.org/W1974807788","https://openalex.org/W2004387704","https://openalex.org/W2029162759","https://openalex.org/W2035823136","https://openalex.org/W2040601377","https://openalex.org/W2051109793","https://openalex.org/W2073002098","https://openalex.org/W2131848081","https://openalex.org/W2132729019","https://openalex.org/W2518349852","https://openalex.org/W3009015428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043856614","https://openalex.org/W2315036668","https://openalex.org/W2008133254","https://openalex.org/W2054922231","https://openalex.org/W7099837691","https://openalex.org/W2350347843","https://openalex.org/W1968562799","https://openalex.org/W2334556000","https://openalex.org/W2062788368","https://openalex.org/W2085586955"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rust":[0],"on":[1,30,97,142],"weathering":[2,143],"steels":[3,144],"exposed":[4],"for":[5,69],"up":[6],"to":[7],"11":[8],"y":[9],"in":[10,145],"industrial":[11],"and":[12,27,90,106,129],"rural":[13],"environments":[14,147],"exhibited":[15],"a":[16,21,60,73],"spotty,":[17],"nonuniform":[18],"appearance":[19],"as":[20,43,45],"result":[22],"of":[23,35,52,72,88,103,122,127,135,138],"contrast":[24],"between":[25],"light":[26,99],"dark":[28,57],"areas":[29,100,115],"the":[31,36,56,70,82,93,98,113,123,136,146],"surface.":[32],"The":[33,63],"area":[34],"lighter":[37,64,114],"regions":[38,58,65],"increased":[39],"with":[40,46],"exposure":[41],"time,":[42],"well":[44],"increasing":[47],"alloy":[48],"content.":[49],"Microscopic":[50],"examination":[51],"cross":[53],"sections":[54],"revealed":[55],"had":[59],"porous":[61,84],"appearance.":[62],"were":[66,116],"similar":[67],"except":[68],"presence":[71],"relatively":[74],"thin,":[75],"smooth":[76,94],"outer-surface":[77],"layer.":[78],"Raman":[79],"spectroscopy":[80],"indicated":[81,112],"dark,":[83],"rust":[85,140],"was":[86,101],"comprised":[87],"goethite":[89],"lepidocrocite,":[91],"while":[92],"outer":[95,125],"layer":[96,126],"composed":[102],"hematite":[104],"(\u03b1-Fe2O3)":[105],"magnetite":[107],"(Fe3O4).":[108],"Electrochemical":[109],"potential":[110],"measurements":[111],"more":[117],"passive.":[118],"Results":[119],"suggested":[120],"formation":[121,141],"thin":[124],"\u03b1-Fe2O3":[128],"Fe3O4":[130],"is":[131],"an":[132],"important":[133],"part":[134],"mechanism":[137],"protective":[139],"studied.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}