{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075353191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j069v12n04_04","title":"Diminished Illicit Drug Use as a Consequence of Long-Term Methadone Maintenance","display_name":"Diminished Illicit Drug Use as a Consequence of Long-Term Methadone Maintenance","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075353191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j069v12n04_04","mag":"2075353191","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8292639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1300/j069v12n04_04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j069v12n04_04","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j069v12n04_04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93508928","display_name":"Journal of Addictive Diseases","issn_l":"1055-0887","issn":["1055-0887","1545-0848"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Addictive Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113524601","display_name":"Edward Gottheil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Gottheil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107","Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085726776","display_name":"Robert C. Sterling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Sterling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19146"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19146","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109245878","display_name":"Stephen P. Weinstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen P Weinstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96805985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"45","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methadone-maintenance-treatment","display_name":"methadone maintenance treatment","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-use-disorder","display_name":"opioid use disorder","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illicit-drug-use","display_name":"illicit drug use","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cocaine-use","display_name":"cocaine use","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-duration","display_name":"treatment duration","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-risk","display_name":"HIV risk","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy","display_name":"treatment efficacy","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urine-analysis","display_name":"urine analysis","score":0.6740000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778903061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156814","display_name":"Methadone maintenance","level":3,"score":0.7935202121734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020689752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844924","display_name":"Illicit drug","level":3,"score":0.7341180443763733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.6323005557060242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778767360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179996","display_name":"Methadone","level":2,"score":0.622343897819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5136058330535889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5062081217765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778903686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60168","display_name":"Heroin","level":3,"score":0.47440242767333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910365214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7708739","display_name":"Street drugs","level":3,"score":0.42766910791397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3985559344291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3378603458404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3288789987564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.32025885581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003042","descriptor_name":"Cocaine","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008691","descriptor_name":"Methadone","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009294","descriptor_name":"Narcotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014556","descriptor_name":"Urine","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1300/j069v12n04_04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j069v12n04_04","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j069v12n04_04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93508928","display_name":"Journal of Addictive Diseases","issn_l":"1055-0887","issn":["1055-0887","1545-0848"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Addictive Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8292639","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8292639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of addictive diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011690654","https://openalex.org/W2035142627","https://openalex.org/W2038512354","https://openalex.org/W2038627741","https://openalex.org/W2041548199","https://openalex.org/W2044055480","https://openalex.org/W2045996858","https://openalex.org/W2058310721","https://openalex.org/W2147030466","https://openalex.org/W2147386888","https://openalex.org/W2156802721","https://openalex.org/W2166903740","https://openalex.org/W2423571767","https://openalex.org/W4240267522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048900549","https://openalex.org/W1974435649","https://openalex.org/W80076701","https://openalex.org/W1972383085","https://openalex.org/W2302018316","https://openalex.org/W2017645545","https://openalex.org/W4245006295","https://openalex.org/W2414447725","https://openalex.org/W2094465133","https://openalex.org/W2109443771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,38,46,121,151,163,197],"twenty-five":[2],"years":[3],"since":[4],"its":[5,21,28],"introduction":[6],"as":[7,23,75],"a":[8,24,76,93,103],"treatment":[9,25,74,81,186,216],"for":[10,154,162,172,175,182,187,218],"opiate":[11,32,131,139,160,219],"addiction,":[12],"methadone":[13,49,73,106,212],"maintenance":[14,50],"has":[15],"generated":[16],"considerable":[17],"controversy":[18],"regarding":[19,37],"both":[20],"appropriateness":[22],"modality":[26,217],"and":[27,109,132,137,180,201,208],"efficacy":[29],"in":[30,72,80,145,185],"diminishing":[31],"abuse.":[33],"Given":[34],"current":[35],"concerns":[36],"spread":[39],"of":[40,48,78,118,150,199],"HIV":[41],"amongst":[42,105],"IV":[43],"drug":[44,135],"abusers,":[45],"role":[47],"may":[51],"be":[52,114],"more":[53,176],"important":[54],"than":[55,156,177],"ever.":[56],"The":[57],"present":[58],"study":[59],"was":[60],"designed":[61],"to":[62,84,113,116,129,170],"examine":[63],"continued":[64],"illicit":[65,134],"substance":[66],"abuse":[67,140],"by":[68],"229":[69],"patients":[70,152,173,183],"enrolled":[71,153,174],"function":[77],"time":[79,119,144],"(three":[82],"months":[83,158],"over":[85,92,188],"10":[86,189],"years).":[87],"Patients'":[88],"urinalysis":[89,195],"results":[90,192],"collected":[91],"3":[94,164],"month":[95,165],"period":[96],"indicated":[97],"that":[98,167,211],"(a)":[99],"cocaine":[100,124],"use":[101,125],"is":[102,213],"problem":[104],"maintained":[107],"individuals":[108],"does":[110],"not":[111,127],"appear":[112],"related":[115],"length":[117],"on":[120,194,205],"program,":[122],"(b)":[123],"did":[126],"lead":[128],"escalated":[130],"other":[133],"abuse,":[136],"(c)":[138],"decreased":[141],"significantly":[142],"with":[143],"treatment.":[146],"Specifically,":[147],"while":[148],"35%":[149],"less":[155],"12":[157],"were":[159],"free":[161],"period,":[166],"value":[168],"increased":[169],"71%":[171],"4":[178],"years,":[179],"85%":[181],"remaining":[184],"years.":[190],"These":[191],"based":[193,204],"support":[196],"conclusion":[198],"Ball":[200],"Ross":[202],"(1991),":[203],"ASI":[206],"scores":[207],"criminality":[209],"data,":[210],"an":[214],"effective":[215],"addicted":[220],"individuals.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
