{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075276945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209882","title":"Free-electron laser as the ideal stress-wave generator","display_name":"Free-electron laser as the ideal stress-wave generator","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075276945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209882","mag":"2075276945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.209882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026514289","display_name":"Don C. Lamb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0232-1903","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0232-1903"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Don C. Lamb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt Univ. Medical Ctr. (United States)","Wellman Labs. of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt Univ. Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellman Labs. of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005304851","display_name":"Apostolos G. Doukas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apostolos G. Doukas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellman Labs. of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellman Labs. of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010963221","display_name":"Thomas James Flotte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-8249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-8249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J. Flotte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellman Labs. of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellman Labs. of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087437377","display_name":"Robert H. Ossoff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Ossoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt Univ. Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt Univ. Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021905431","display_name":"Lou Reinisch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lou Reinisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt Univ. Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt Univ. Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113576755","display_name":"Jerri A. Tribble","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerri A. Tribble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt Univ. Medical Ctr. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt Univ. Medical Ctr. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5263,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82166826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2391","issue":null,"first_page":"192","last_page":"192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11566","display_name":"Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine","score":0.18119999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11566","display_name":"Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine","score":0.18119999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10732","display_name":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","score":0.11900000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10957","display_name":"Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies","score":0.11879999935626984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-electron-laser","display_name":"free-electron laser","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-induced-stress-waves","display_name":"laser-induced stress waves","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-pressure","display_name":"peak pressure","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pockels-cell","display_name":"Pockels cell","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macropulse","display_name":"macropulse","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-dependence","display_name":"wavelength dependence","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-pulse-duration","display_name":"laser pulse duration","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-experiments","display_name":"water experiments","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.7212901711463928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6263301968574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5769763588905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.46615421772003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.4578290581703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4048316478729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.386161744594574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.209882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.209882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4043000042438507,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086300122","https://openalex.org/W7095399226","https://openalex.org/W2253593916","https://openalex.org/W3177341606","https://openalex.org/W2150798838","https://openalex.org/W2143065109","https://openalex.org/W2001985383","https://openalex.org/W2010060680","https://openalex.org/W2030490905","https://openalex.org/W2088768853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Laser-induced":[0],"thermal-elastic":[1],"stress":[2,31,41,54,66,80,84,133,174],"waves":[3,32],"are":[4,109],"of":[5,45,53,64,115,126,131,143,172],"importance":[6],"both":[7],"in":[8,12],"therapeutic":[9],"applications":[10],"and":[11,33,96,106,118],"potential":[13],"morbidity":[14],"associated":[15],"with":[16,30,39,149],"laser":[17,76,101,161],"surgical":[18],"procedures.":[19],"Recent":[20],"experiments":[21],"have":[22,166],"shown":[23],"that":[24,34,168],"drug":[25],"cytotoxicity":[26],"can":[27,86,119,135,155,176],"be":[28,87,120,136,156,177],"enhanced":[29],"direct":[35],"cell":[36],"injury":[37],"correlates":[38],"the":[40,50,62,65,74,103,112,116,124,127,132,146,160,169,173],"gradient":[42],"(stress":[43],"rate":[44],"change).":[46],"To":[47],"systematically":[48],"investigate":[49],"biological":[51],"effects":[52],"waves,":[55],"it":[56],"is":[57,73],"essential":[58],"to":[59],"vary":[60],"individually":[61],"parameters":[63,171],"wave.":[67],"The":[68,129,152],"Free":[69],"Electron":[70],"Laser":[71],"(FEL)":[72],"ideal":[75],"for":[77],"generating":[78],"controllable":[79],"waves.":[81],"A":[82],"unipolar":[83],"wave":[85,134,175],"characterized":[88],"by":[89,122,138,158],"its":[90],"rise":[91,104],"time,":[92],"duration,":[93],"peak":[94,153],"pressure,":[95],"decay":[97,107],"time.":[98],"For":[99],"short":[100],"pulses,":[102],"time":[105,108],"dependent":[110],"upon":[111],"absorption":[113],"depth":[114],"tissue":[117],"varied":[121,178],"changing":[123],"wavelength":[125],"FEL.":[128],"duration":[130],"changed":[137],"selecting":[139],"a":[140],"different":[141],"number":[142],"micropulses":[144],"from":[145],"FEL":[147],"macropulse":[148],"Pockels":[150],"cell.":[151],"pressure":[154],"altered":[157],"varying":[159],"intensity.":[162],"Results":[163],"on":[164],"water":[165],"confirmed":[167],"individual":[170],"independently.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}