{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075229094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000036","title":"Assessing the effect of hormonal contraception on HIV acquisition in observational data","display_name":"Assessing the effect of hormonal contraception on HIV acquisition in observational data","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075229094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000036","mag":"2075229094","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24088682","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4153830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000000036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20605092","display_name":"AIDS","issn_l":"0269-9370","issn":["0269-9370","1473-5571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4153830","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077253980","display_name":"Chelsea B. Polis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1031-7074","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1031-7074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801582665","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801582665"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chelsea B. Polis","raw_affiliation_strings":["aOffice of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC bDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill cDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina dVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center eDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. *Chelsea B. Polis, Daniel Westreich, Jennifer E. Balkus and Renee Heffron contributed equally to the writing of the article","Office of Population and Reproductive Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"aOffice of Population and Reproductive Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Washington, DC bDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill cDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina dVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center eDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. *Chelsea B. Polis, Daniel Westreich, Jennifer E. Balkus and Renee Heffron contributed equally to the writing of the article","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I2801582665","https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Population and Reproductive Health","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071768751","display_name":"Daniel J. Westreich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-1650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-1650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Westreich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina","Duke University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033049388","display_name":"Jennifer E. Balkus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9950-2523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9950-2523","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-4739"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer E. Balkus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062258141","display_name":"Renee A. Heffron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6039-0352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6039-0352"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renee Heffron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033049388","https://openalex.org/A5062258141","https://openalex.org/A5071768751","https://openalex.org/A5077253980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I2801582665","https://openalex.org/I4210089486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5443,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97153705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"Supplement 1","first_page":"S35","last_page":"S43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.053199999034404755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormonal-contraception","display_name":"hormonal contraception","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-acquisition","display_name":"HIV acquisition","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depot-medroxyprogesterone-acetate","display_name":"depot medroxyprogesterone acetate","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injectable-contraceptives","display_name":"injectable contraceptives","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study-design","display_name":"observational study design","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-varying-confounding","display_name":"time-varying confounding","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-error","display_name":"measurement error","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"pregnancy","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-misclassification","display_name":"exposure misclassification","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediation-analysis","display_name":"mediation analysis","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effect-estimation","display_name":"effect estimation","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health","display_name":"women's health","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776172332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7292449","display_name":"Hormonal contraception","level":5,"score":0.9239408373832703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.8963502645492554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776306185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823834","display_name":"Medroxyprogesterone acetate","level":3,"score":0.6833914518356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.6329160928726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5872179269790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779076696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280670","display_name":"Family planning","level":4,"score":0.5140872597694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176743888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862797","display_name":"Observational methods in psychology","level":3,"score":0.49462124705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43351346254348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2568836808204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.13804081082344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986817661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698","display_name":"Research methodology","level":3,"score":0.09672245383262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.07642626762390137}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003271","descriptor_name":"Contraceptive Agents, Female","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007267","descriptor_name":"Injections","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017408","descriptor_name":"Guidelines as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035843","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Research","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000000036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20605092","display_name":"AIDS","issn_l":"0269-9370","issn":["0269-9370","1473-5571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24088682","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24088682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS (London, England)","raw_type":"Consensus Statement"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4153830","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4153830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AIDS","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1462971","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1462971/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AIDS , 27 S35-S43. (2013)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4153830","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4153830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AIDS","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2889439250","display_name":"Statistical and Data Management Center (SDMC): Microbicide Trials Network","funder_award_id":"UM1AI068615","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3702182775","display_name":"Infrastructure for Population Research","funder_award_id":"R24HD047879","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312556","display_name":"FHI 360","ror":"https://ror.org/007kp6q87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501375624","https://openalex.org/W1964519673","https://openalex.org/W1973094123","https://openalex.org/W1987147553","https://openalex.org/W1993211119","https://openalex.org/W1993950049","https://openalex.org/W1995655001","https://openalex.org/W2008557562","https://openalex.org/W2009187570","https://openalex.org/W2009856015","https://openalex.org/W2010317822","https://openalex.org/W2025990914","https://openalex.org/W2035142205","https://openalex.org/W2035646921","https://openalex.org/W2049910836","https://openalex.org/W2059527039","https://openalex.org/W2062167618","https://openalex.org/W2062594082","https://openalex.org/W2066398782","https://openalex.org/W2076255607","https://openalex.org/W2081436727","https://openalex.org/W2088697128","https://openalex.org/W2093634423","https://openalex.org/W2096521417","https://openalex.org/W2097523432","https://openalex.org/W2100746957","https://openalex.org/W2101046693","https://openalex.org/W2106436016","https://openalex.org/W2114529618","https://openalex.org/W2125093261","https://openalex.org/W2127992265","https://openalex.org/W2132215085","https://openalex.org/W2135400982","https://openalex.org/W2135463798","https://openalex.org/W2136403658","https://openalex.org/W2136543019","https://openalex.org/W2138817596","https://openalex.org/W2142008516","https://openalex.org/W2142495742","https://openalex.org/W2146607417","https://openalex.org/W2149848064","https://openalex.org/W2154389830","https://openalex.org/W2155230500","https://openalex.org/W2156256341","https://openalex.org/W2157524492","https://openalex.org/W2159143717","https://openalex.org/W2160544019","https://openalex.org/W2163974471","https://openalex.org/W2165010366","https://openalex.org/W2166689328","https://openalex.org/W2416253150","https://openalex.org/W3150385921","https://openalex.org/W4240211860","https://openalex.org/W4294553991","https://openalex.org/W4298080125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4302435918","https://openalex.org/W2544080039","https://openalex.org/W2009856015","https://openalex.org/W2142008516","https://openalex.org/W2081436727","https://openalex.org/W4301966341","https://openalex.org/W2001702307","https://openalex.org/W6958923088","https://openalex.org/W2019955356","https://openalex.org/W2103846516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Determining":[1],"whether":[2],"hormonal":[3,32,99,175],"contraception,":[4],"particularly":[5],"the":[6,28,72,125,139,187],"injectable":[7],"contraceptive":[8,33],"depot-medroxyprogesterone":[9],"acetate":[10],"(DMPA),":[11],"increases":[12],"a":[13,20,57,83],"woman's":[14],"risk":[15],"of":[16,59,85,98,112,127,150,182],"HIV":[17,36,102],"acquisition":[18,37,177],"is":[19,62],"priority":[21],"question":[22],"for":[23,76,94,135,141,156,191],"public":[24],"health.":[25],"However,":[26],"assessing":[27],"relationship":[29],"between":[30],"various":[31,151],"methods":[34,132],"and":[35,46,55,64,79,88,101,119,123,137,148,159,162,185,194],"with":[38],"observational":[39,96,174],"data":[40],"involves":[41],"substantial":[42],"analytic":[43],"design":[44],"issues":[45],"challenges.":[47],"Studies":[48],"to":[49,66,91,133,144,154],"date":[50],"have":[51],"used":[52],"inconsistent":[53],"approaches":[54,153],"generated":[56,107],"body":[58],"evidence":[60,189],"that":[61],"complex":[63,193],"challenging":[65],"interpret.":[67],"METHODS:":[68],"In":[69],"January":[70],"2013,":[71],"United":[73],"States":[74],"Agency":[75],"International":[77],"Development":[78],"FHI":[80],"360":[81],"supported":[82],"meeting":[84],"epidemiologists,":[86],"statisticians,":[87],"content":[89],"experts":[90],"develop":[92],"recommendations":[93,108,171],"future":[95,173],"analyses":[97,178],"contraception":[100],"acquisition.":[103],"RESULTS:":[104],"Meeting":[105],"participants":[106],"regarding":[109],"careful":[110],"definition":[111],"exposure":[113,143],"groups;":[114],"handling":[115],"potential":[116,140],"confounders,":[117],"mediators,":[118],"effect":[120],"modifiers;":[121],"estimating":[122,160],"addressing":[124],"magnitude":[126],"measurement":[128],"error;":[129],"using":[130],"multiple":[131],"account":[134,155],"pregnancy;":[136],"exploring":[138],"differential":[142],"HIV-infected":[145],"partners.":[146],"Advantages":[147],"disadvantages":[149],"statistical":[152],"time-varying":[157],"confounding":[158],"total":[161],"direct":[163],"effects":[164],"were":[165],"also":[166],"discussed.":[167],"CONCLUSION:":[168],"Implementing":[169],"these":[170],"in":[172],"contraception-HIV":[176],"will":[179],"enhance":[180],"interpretation":[181],"existing":[183],"studies":[184],"strengthen":[186],"overall":[188],"base":[190],"this":[192],"important":[195],"area.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
