{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075175704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00171-7","title":"Entanglement measures and the Hilbert\u2013Schmidt distance","display_name":"Entanglement measures and the Hilbert\u2013Schmidt distance","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075175704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00171-7","mag":"2075175704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00171-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00171-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00171-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104875562","display_name":"Physics Letters A","issn_l":"0375-9601","issn":["0375-9601","1873-2429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Letters A","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0002036","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Masanao Ozawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masanao Ozawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics and Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics and Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"],"apc_list":{"value":2150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7823,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":210,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83910337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"268","issue":"3","first_page":"158","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.016899999231100082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entanglement-measures","display_name":"entanglement measures","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert-schmidt-distance","display_name":"Hilbert-Schmidt distance","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/completely-positive-trace-preserving-maps","display_name":"completely positive trace-preserving maps","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entanglement-monotones","display_name":"entanglement monotones","score":0.5950000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.8593999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.744700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6944000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5788000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105063144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7831154","display_name":"Trace distance","level":4,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71799126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934832","display_name":"Multipartite entanglement","level":5,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32270708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7582152","display_name":"Squashed entanglement","level":4,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139356082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269038","display_name":"Quantum discord","level":4,"score":0.2572000026702881}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00171-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00171-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00171-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104875562","display_name":"Physics Letters A","issn_l":"0375-9601","issn":["0375-9601","1873-2429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Letters A","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0002036","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0002036","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0002036","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:426909","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/426909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0002036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0002036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0002036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0002036","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0002036","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0002036","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2075175704.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2075175704.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025236523","https://openalex.org/W2031623555","https://openalex.org/W2032546228","https://openalex.org/W2060887031","https://openalex.org/W2062292260","https://openalex.org/W2315421302","https://openalex.org/W3037256833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095817195","https://openalex.org/W4385825740","https://openalex.org/W1628487037","https://openalex.org/W3105199838","https://openalex.org/W3154790533","https://openalex.org/W4384564372","https://openalex.org/W1547094436","https://openalex.org/W51904077","https://openalex.org/W4394645128","https://openalex.org/W2072871321"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}