{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074943515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/839998","title":"Crime and Modernization: The Impact of Industrialization and Urbanization on Crime","display_name":"Crime and Modernization: The Impact of Industrialization and Urbanization on Crime","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074943515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/839998","mag":"2074943515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/839998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/839998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/839998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167039476","display_name":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","issn_l":"0002-919X","issn":["0002-919X","2326-9197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"book-review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009092944","display_name":"John Newbold Hazard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John N. Hazard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Member, Board of Editors"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Member, Board of Editors","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005785638","display_name":"Louise Shelley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-796X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-796X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise I. Shelley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Member, Board of Editors"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Member, Board of Editors","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009092944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4402,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4402},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"3","first_page":"547","last_page":"547"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.04800000041723251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime","display_name":"crime","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modernization","display_name":"modernization","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-rates","display_name":"crime rates","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-change","display_name":"social change","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53844881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856122","display_name":"Modernization theory","level":2,"score":0.9305742979049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41866144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202398","display_name":"Industrialisation","level":2,"score":0.9244572520256042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.8135396242141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.5322266221046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4266166687011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.4095849096775055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3946415185928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3875472843647003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.30011582374572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2476203739643097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.19303745031356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17898237705230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/839998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/839998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/839998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167039476","display_name":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","issn_l":"0002-919X","issn":["0002-919X","2326-9197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2381772008","https://openalex.org/W2958037624","https://openalex.org/W4410137067","https://openalex.org/W2314057876","https://openalex.org/W1588682221","https://openalex.org/W607568471","https://openalex.org/W2952378355","https://openalex.org/W2415215307","https://openalex.org/W4254057912","https://openalex.org/W2606071732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"John":[0],"N.":[1],"Hazard;":[2],"Crime":[3],"and":[4,10],"Modernization:":[5],"The":[6,14],"Impact":[7],"of":[8,17],"Industrialization":[9],"Urbanization":[11],"on":[12],"Crime,":[13],"American":[15],"Journal":[16],"Comparative":[18],"Law,":[19],"Volume":[20],"31,":[21],"Issue":[22],"3,":[23]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}