{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074774725","doi":null,"title":"Lasting Legacies: The Effects of Natural Mentors in the Lives of At-Risk African-American Male Adolescents","display_name":"Lasting Legacies: The Effects of Natural Mentors in the Lives of At-Risk African-American Male Adolescents","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074774725","mag":"2074774725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.bgsu.edu:leadership_diss-1011","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162842875","pdf_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162842875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402596","display_name":"ScholarWorks@BGSU (Bowling Green State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","host_organization_name":"Bowling Green State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Leadership Studies Ed.D. Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162842875","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071821237","display_name":"Carnel Lorenzo Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","display_name":"Bowling Green State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay7va13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carnel Lorenzo Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["[Bowling Green State University]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Bowling Green State University]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071821237"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11756","display_name":"Mentoring and Academic Development","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11756","display_name":"Mentoring and Academic Development","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11998","display_name":"Youth Development and Social Support","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-mentoring","display_name":"natural mentoring","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/at-risk-youth","display_name":"at-risk youth","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-risk-behaviors","display_name":"high-risk behaviors","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"resilience","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fear-of-failure","display_name":"fear of failure","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconditional-support","display_name":"unconditional support","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/servant-leadership","display_name":"servant leadership","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-building","display_name":"character building","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning-making","display_name":"meaning-making","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-mentoring","display_name":"formal mentoring","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethics-of-care","display_name":"care ethics","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-skills-development","display_name":"social skills development","score":0.5249999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6626387238502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.595310389995575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.5943381190299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4455066919326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4259626865386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.38675621151924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2282092273235321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22495537996292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.10880902409553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.bgsu.edu:leadership_diss-1011","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162842875","pdf_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162842875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402596","display_name":"ScholarWorks@BGSU (Bowling Green State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","host_organization_name":"Bowling Green State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Leadership Studies Ed.D. Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.968.2179","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.968.2179","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://etd.ohiolink.edu/%21etd.send_file?accession%3Dbgsu1162842875%26disposition%3Dinline","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:bgsu1162842875","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162842875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196344","display_name":"OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210155183","host_organization_name":"Ohio Library and Information Network","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162842875","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2074774725","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/leadership_diss/12/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.bgsu.edu:leadership_diss-1011","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162842875","pdf_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162842875","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402596","display_name":"ScholarWorks@BGSU (Bowling Green State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","host_organization_name":"Bowling Green State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Leadership Studies Ed.D. Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2074774725.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2074774725.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":131,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30525388","https://openalex.org/W44820810","https://openalex.org/W74139505","https://openalex.org/W92386211","https://openalex.org/W102001763","https://openalex.org/W116413074","https://openalex.org/W123580481","https://openalex.org/W138047100","https://openalex.org/W149510854","https://openalex.org/W156508046","https://openalex.org/W166515679","https://openalex.org/W167265159","https://openalex.org/W168373018","https://openalex.org/W190534115","https://openalex.org/W206682820","https://openalex.org/W314833115","https://openalex.org/W345786739","https://openalex.org/W602984300","https://openalex.org/W620606086","https://openalex.org/W638043949","https://openalex.org/W652416982","https://openalex.org/W1505512376","https://openalex.org/W1506025291","https://openalex.org/W1510203735","https://openalex.org/W1513247560","https://openalex.org/W1532739891","https://openalex.org/W1533925804","https://openalex.org/W1534868605","https://openalex.org/W1541150367","https://openalex.org/W1542792526","https://openalex.org/W1544209531","https://openalex.org/W1553183615","https://openalex.org/W1559474111","https://openalex.org/W1563465096","https://openalex.org/W1568035061","https://openalex.org/W1572559456","https://openalex.org/W1573052642","https://openalex.org/W1582248543","https://openalex.org/W1596232249","https://openalex.org/W1679735700","https://openalex.org/W1684809301","https://openalex.org/W1723175736","https://openalex.org/W1728846860","https://openalex.org/W1859502711","https://openalex.org/W1960082112","https://openalex.org/W1963988462","https://openalex.org/W1968058290","https://openalex.org/W1969305551","https://openalex.org/W1969971083","https://openalex.org/W1970002509","https://openalex.org/W1971830927","https://openalex.org/W1972550911","https://openalex.org/W1973595127","https://openalex.org/W1981841512","https://openalex.org/W1982001063","https://openalex.org/W1982450809","https://openalex.org/W1982974950","https://openalex.org/W1994988062","https://openalex.org/W1998680328","https://openalex.org/W1998977695","https://openalex.org/W2005568370","https://openalex.org/W2005682223","https://openalex.org/W2006605334","https://openalex.org/W2006767851","https://openalex.org/W2007432222","https://openalex.org/W2007534284","https://openalex.org/W2016638974","https://openalex.org/W2018040180","https://openalex.org/W2018520969","https://openalex.org/W2020229876","https://openalex.org/W2026746010","https://openalex.org/W2027652003","https://openalex.org/W2028954902","https://openalex.org/W2033984450","https://openalex.org/W2034497538","https://openalex.org/W2035824375","https://openalex.org/W2040421853","https://openalex.org/W2041182166","https://openalex.org/W2041478422","https://openalex.org/W2042615694","https://openalex.org/W2044001227","https://openalex.org/W2045099029","https://openalex.org/W2047445598","https://openalex.org/W2051102021","https://openalex.org/W2058770763","https://openalex.org/W2059628025","https://openalex.org/W2059817014","https://openalex.org/W2063884647","https://openalex.org/W2066951998","https://openalex.org/W2072474848","https://openalex.org/W2074268477","https://openalex.org/W2078375631","https://openalex.org/W2079893613","https://openalex.org/W2079918284","https://openalex.org/W2081065270","https://openalex.org/W2085067371","https://openalex.org/W2087254130","https://openalex.org/W2087507493","https://openalex.org/W2088762163","https://openalex.org/W2090333949","https://openalex.org/W2090597746","https://openalex.org/W2094318191","https://openalex.org/W2094753356","https://openalex.org/W2097192839","https://openalex.org/W2100157753","https://openalex.org/W2102852575","https://openalex.org/W2107219237","https://openalex.org/W2112445141","https://openalex.org/W2112451594","https://openalex.org/W2113307133","https://openalex.org/W2116361554","https://openalex.org/W2116879620","https://openalex.org/W2126607506","https://openalex.org/W2138845863","https://openalex.org/W2141764100","https://openalex.org/W2143519136","https://openalex.org/W2143710291","https://openalex.org/W2149747503","https://openalex.org/W2151234472","https://openalex.org/W2151808450","https://openalex.org/W2153106115","https://openalex.org/W2154147126","https://openalex.org/W2154950325","https://openalex.org/W2158242434","https://openalex.org/W2164094496","https://openalex.org/W2167016005","https://openalex.org/W2167668847","https://openalex.org/W2168062881","https://openalex.org/W2170675945","https://openalex.org/W2171148471","https://openalex.org/W4240023669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991051583","https://openalex.org/W2301757888","https://openalex.org/W2074040592","https://openalex.org/W4200586501","https://openalex.org/W2293731075","https://openalex.org/W4385739413","https://openalex.org/W2168062881","https://openalex.org/W2800697370","https://openalex.org/W6944382373","https://openalex.org/W2096273877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,86,184,204,252],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,31,92,102,114,155,163,169,182,186,202,206,260,299,346,360,366,372,383],"this":[3,109],"phenomenological":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6,257],"to":[7,125,232,235,245,247,255,269,277,320,349],"understand":[8],"how":[9],"natural":[10,28,75,103,129,192,209,306,347,373],"mentoring":[11,89,104,265,284,348,351,374],"helps":[12,290],"at-risk":[13,54,137,226,293,386],"African-American":[14,55,138,227],"male":[15,56,139,228],"adolescents":[16,57],"avoid":[17,292],"high-risk":[18,68],"behaviors.":[19],"Natural":[20,165,170,188,218,261,264,283],"mentors":[21,130,193,307],"are":[22,194,303],"people":[23,195],"with":[24,73,136,225,314],"whom":[25],"mentees":[26,107,142,234,246,268,288],"have":[27,305],"relationships":[29,90,95,135,172,224,266,362,375],"outside":[30],"their":[32,84,147,153,223,230,249,309],"immediate":[33],"family,":[34],"such":[35],"as":[36],"community":[37],"members,":[38],"teachers,":[39],"ministers,":[40],"extended":[41],"family":[42],"members":[43],"and":[44,51,78,96,123,149,151,159,167,216,241,272,289,295,317,324,335,343,363,378,380],"coaches.":[45],"participants":[47],"were":[48,59,79,173,337],"two":[49,52,175],"current":[50],"former":[53],"who":[58,196,302],"either":[60],"currently":[61],"living":[62,156],"in,":[63,67],"or":[64],"formerly":[65],"lived":[66],"environments.":[69],"Participants":[70],"had":[71],"experience":[72],"a":[74,164,187,208],"mentor-mentee":[76],"relationship":[77],"interested":[80],"in":[81,108,134,145,199,214,287,308],"talking":[82],"about":[83],"experience.":[85],"present":[87],"study\u2019s":[88],"consisted":[91],"three":[93],"male-to-male":[94],"one":[97],"male-to-female":[98],"relationship.":[99,127],"Several":[100],"characteristics":[101,133],"impacted":[105],"the":[106,126,141,174,180,242,258,297,331,344,358,364,370,381],"study.":[110],"Mentees":[111,301],"related":[112],"examples":[113],"mentors\u2019":[115,219],"caring":[116,361],"behavior,":[117],"understanding,":[118],"comfortable":[119],"conversations,":[120],"unconditional":[121],"support,":[122],"commitment":[124,215,220],"When":[128],"display":[131],"these":[132],"adolescents,":[140,229],"voluntarily":[143],"assist":[144,198],"changing":[146],"attitudes":[148],"behaviors":[150,323],"enhance":[152],"chances":[154],"more":[157],"meaningful":[158],"productive":[160,281],"lives.":[161],"Concept":[162,185],"Mentor":[166,189],"Effects":[168,259],"Mentoring":[171,262],"themes":[176],"that":[177,191,274,311],"emerged":[178],"from":[179],"interviews":[181],"participants.":[183],"revealed":[190],"naturally":[197],"others\u2019":[200],"times":[201],"need.":[203],"concept":[205],"being":[207],"mentor":[210],"is":[211,355],"wrapped":[212],"up":[213],"selflessness.":[217],"focuses":[221],"on":[222,357],"willingness":[231],"allow":[233,267,275],"make":[236,248],"mistakes":[237],"without":[238],"judging":[239],"them,":[240],"flexibility":[243],"given":[244],"own":[250],"decisions.":[251],"second":[253],"theme":[254],"emerge":[256],"relationships.":[263,352],"adapt":[270],"concepts":[271],"ideals":[273],"them":[276,291,313,319],"successfully":[278],"mature":[279],"into":[280],"adults.":[282],"builds":[285],"resiliency":[286,379],"behavior":[294],"overcome":[296],"fear":[298,382],"failure.":[300],"successful":[304],"lives":[310],"help":[312],"emotional":[315],"support":[316],"encourage":[318],"learn":[321],"adult":[322],"responsibilities":[325],"while":[326],"developing":[327],"social":[328],"skills.":[329],"Among":[330],"leadership":[332],"lessons":[333],"taught":[334],"learned":[336],"servant-leadership,":[338],"character":[339],"building,":[340],"meaning":[341],"making,":[342],"transferability":[345],"formal":[350],"More":[353],"research":[354],"encouraged":[356],"nature":[359],"ethic":[365],"care":[367],"among":[368,385],"men,":[369],"continuity":[371],"across":[376],"generations,":[377],"failure":[384],"adolescents.":[387]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
