{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074628360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl016288","title":"The distribution of auroral power increases and decreases","display_name":"The distribution of auroral power increases and decreases","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074628360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl016288","mag":"2074628360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2002gl016288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl016288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl016288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["0094-8276","1944-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071392286","display_name":"P. T. Newell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick T. Newell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory  Laurel Maryland USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory  Laurel Maryland USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037929275","display_name":"K. Liou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-7688","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-7688"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kan Liou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory  Laurel Maryland USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory  Laurel Maryland USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089905901","display_name":"Joseph P. Skura","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph P. Skura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory  Laurel Maryland USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory  Laurel Maryland USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112740395","display_name":"Ching\u2010I. Meng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching\u2010I. Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory  Laurel Maryland USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory  Laurel Maryland USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3527,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66292135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"24","first_page":"4556","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10251","display_name":"Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auroral-substorms","display_name":"auroral substorms","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auroral-brightening","display_name":"auroral brightening","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auroral-oval","display_name":"auroral oval","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auroral-variability","display_name":"auroral variability","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4445010","display_name":"Substorm","level":4,"score":0.9797801971435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29705727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562","display_name":"Polar","level":2,"score":0.6959776878356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6652848124504089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5186371207237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.4718893766403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.4417238235473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130443932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6915","display_name":"Magnetosphere","level":3,"score":0.3491763472557068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.1559152603149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.09604698419570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/2002gl016288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl016288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl016288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36624081","display_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","issn_l":"0094-8276","issn":["0094-8276","1944-8007"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysical Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3033323767","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003EAEJA.....4556N/abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508511","display_name":"EAEJA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EAEJA","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967959558","https://openalex.org/W1977754384","https://openalex.org/W1998289692","https://openalex.org/W2035717463","https://openalex.org/W2039996864","https://openalex.org/W2050134754","https://openalex.org/W2050993929","https://openalex.org/W2101947270","https://openalex.org/W2134720017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050993929","https://openalex.org/W2100810752","https://openalex.org/W1534861768","https://openalex.org/W2157128713","https://openalex.org/W2171475111","https://openalex.org/W3013041694","https://openalex.org/W7095663208","https://openalex.org/W1975260588","https://openalex.org/W2993534736","https://openalex.org/W2626316868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"concept":[1],"of":[2,77,92,100,111,151,180,198,219,225,243],"an":[3],"auroral":[4,12,44,58,79,106,128,146,183,220,230,258],"substorm":[5],"intrinsically":[6],"involves":[7],"a":[8,15,31,38,49,63,67,124,177,188],"large":[9,20,30,55,226],"increase":[10,33],"in":[11,57,105,127,144,154,182,229],"power":[13,32,59,80,129,143,184,231],"within":[14,62,205],"relatively":[16,237],"short":[17,64],"time":[18,65],"(a":[19],"dP/dt).":[21],"There":[22],"is":[23,34,41,130,232,260],"currently":[24],"no":[25,211],"standard":[26],"for":[27],"just":[28],"how":[29],"needed":[35],"to":[36,81,165,187,239,248,252],"identify":[37],"substorm.":[39],"It":[40],"unclear":[42],"whether":[43,54,253],"brightenings":[45],"and":[46,84,94,102,251],"fadings":[47],"form":[48],"continuous":[50],"distribution,":[51],"or":[52,69,256],"even":[53],"decreases":[56],"also":[60],"occur":[61],"(i.e.,":[66],"negative,":[68],"inverse":[70,171],"substorm).":[71],"We":[72],"used":[73],"Polar":[74,138,194],"UVI":[75,139,195],"images":[76],"global":[78],"investigate":[82],"these":[83],"related":[85],"questions.":[86],"Specifically":[87],"we":[88],"considered":[89],"the":[90,98,131,142,145,149,152,192,206,223,240,254],"distribution":[91,99],"dP/dt":[93],"(dP/dt)/P,":[95],"that":[96],"is,":[97,148],"absolute":[101],"relative":[103],"changes":[104,114,159,228],"power.":[107],"At":[108],"small":[109,125],"values":[110],"\u2223dP/dt\u2223,":[112],"negative":[113],"are":[115,160,236],"much":[116],"more":[117],"frequent":[118,133],"than":[119],"positive":[120,202,227],"changes.":[121],"In":[122],"fact,":[123],"decrease":[126],"most":[132],"change":[134,181,190],"between":[135],"two":[136],"consecutive":[137],"images.":[140],"Hence":[141],"oval":[147,259],"majority":[150],"time,":[153],"slow":[155],"decline.":[156],"Large":[157],"magnitude":[158],"rare,":[161],"but":[162],"turn":[163],"out":[164],"be":[166],"almost":[167],"exclusively":[168],"positive,":[169],"implying":[170],"substorms":[172,215],"do":[173],"not":[174],"exist.":[175],"Beyond":[176],"0.2%/s":[178],"rate":[179],"(which":[185],"amounts":[186],"37%":[189],"over":[191],"typical":[193],"image":[196],"spacing":[197],"184":[199],"s),":[200],"only":[201],"events":[203],"occur,":[204],"measurable":[207],"noise":[208],"levels.":[209],"However":[210],"clear":[212],"boundary":[213],"divides":[214],"from":[216],"other":[217],"types":[218],"brightenings:":[221],"rather":[222],"spectrum":[224],"continuous.":[233],"These":[234],"results":[235],"insensitive":[238],"exact":[241],"value":[242],"\u0394t":[244],"(from":[245],"36":[246],"s":[247],"6":[249],"min),":[250],"premidnight":[255],"postmidnight":[257],"considered.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}