{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074435731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3138473","title":"A Continuum Theory and an Experiment for the Ion-Induced Swelling Behavior of Articular Cartilage","display_name":"A Continuum Theory and an Experiment for the Ion-Induced Swelling Behavior of Articular Cartilage","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074435731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3138473","mag":"2074435731","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6738020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.3138473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3138473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3138473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187999","display_name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering","issn_l":"0148-0731","issn":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016393923","display_name":"Elizabeth R. Myers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-7320","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-7320"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. R. Myers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. 12181"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. 12181","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028112515","display_name":"W. M. Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-8500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-8500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. M. Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. 12181"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. 12181","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109831293","display_name":"Van C. Mow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. C. Mow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. 12181"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N.Y. 12181","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.711,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93208092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":"2","first_page":"151","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11366","display_name":"Elasticity and Material Modeling","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11366","display_name":"Elasticity and Material Modeling","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.02930000051856041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articular-cartilage","display_name":"articular cartilage","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage-swelling","display_name":"cartilage swelling","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anisotropic-swelling","display_name":"anisotropic swelling","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biphasic-theory","display_name":"biphasic theory","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-relaxation","display_name":"stress relaxation","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isometric-force","display_name":"isometric force","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nacl-solution","display_name":"NaCl solution","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage-biomechanics","display_name":"cartilage biomechanics","score":0.38199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778540859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Swelling","level":2,"score":0.8901565074920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502730","display_name":"Cartilage","level":2,"score":0.5650955438613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.5363895297050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103486182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216236","display_name":"Isometric exercise","level":2,"score":0.5333407521247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020332539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2014564","display_name":"Articular cartilage","level":4,"score":0.5299604535102844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5269050598144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.4842833876609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163415756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126473","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45206084847450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.4513324201107025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202974441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576844","display_name":"Stress relaxation","level":3,"score":0.4487595856189728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.40406715869903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3601916432380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.351398229598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.22500059008598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.1069309413433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149912024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462188","display_name":"Creep","level":2,"score":0.09382793307304382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.08857402205467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08239904046058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08136877417564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06732112169265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002358","descriptor_name":"Cartilage, Articular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009994","descriptor_name":"Osmolar Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012965","descriptor_name":"Sodium Chloride","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012996","descriptor_name":"Solutions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.3138473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3138473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3138473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210187999","display_name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering","issn_l":"0148-0731","issn":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:6738020","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6738020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of biomechanical engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156731997","https://openalex.org/W1966686938","https://openalex.org/W4230708006","https://openalex.org/W2037374077","https://openalex.org/W4392607571","https://openalex.org/W4214882066","https://openalex.org/W2080599732","https://openalex.org/W2095964234","https://openalex.org/W3212599096","https://openalex.org/W2126870355"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Swelling":[0],"of":[1,16,25,45,65,84],"normal":[2],"bovine":[3],"articular":[4,26],"cartilage":[5,27,85],"equilibrated":[6],"in":[7,13,56,93],"NaCl":[8],"solutions":[9],"was":[10],"dimensionally":[11],"measured":[12],"thin":[14],"strips":[15],"tissue.":[17],"The":[18],"ion-induced":[19,71],"strains":[20],"show":[21],"that":[22],"free":[23],"swelling":[24,82],"is":[28,73],"anisotropic":[29,81],"and":[30,86],"inhomogeneous.":[31],"For":[32],"the":[33,66,79,88,94],"molar":[34],"concentrations":[35],"used,":[36],"contraction":[37],"increased":[38],"linearly":[39],"with":[40],"concentration,":[41],"defining":[42],"a":[43,54],"\"coefficient":[44],"chemical":[46],"contraction\"":[47],"(alpha":[48],"c).":[49],"Isometrically":[50],"constrained":[51],"specimens":[52],"registered":[53],"rise":[55],"tensile":[57],"force":[58,90],"followed":[59],"by":[60],"stress":[61],"relaxation.":[62],"An":[63],"extension":[64],"biphasic":[67],"theory":[68,76],"incorporating":[69],"this":[70],"strain":[72],"proposed.":[74],"This":[75],"can":[77],"describe":[78],"equilibrium":[80],"behavior":[83],"explain":[87],"transient":[89],"history":[91],"observed":[92],"isometric":[95],"experiment.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
