{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074432846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.1994.49.1.99p0059m","title":"The Female Visitor and the Marriage of Classes in Gaskell's North and South","display_name":"The Female Visitor and the Marriage of Classes in Gaskell's North and South","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074432846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.1994.49.1.99p0059m","mag":"2074432846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2934043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2934043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2934043","pdf_url":"https://online.ucpress.edu/ncl/article-pdf/49/1/21/574764/2934043.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100105777","display_name":"Nineteenth-Century Literature","issn_l":"0891-9356","issn":["0891-9356","1067-8352"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315693","host_organization_name":"University of California Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315693"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nineteenth-Century Literature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://online.ucpress.edu/ncl/article-pdf/49/1/21/574764/2934043.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000914460","display_name":"Dorice Williams Elliott","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dorice Williams Elliott","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000914460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35890597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1","first_page":"21","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13672","display_name":"Thomas Hardy Literature Studies","score":0.2985999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13672","display_name":"Thomas Hardy Literature Studies","score":0.2985999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13028","display_name":"Literature and Culture Studies","score":0.29269999265670776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13174","display_name":"American and British Literature Analysis","score":0.26759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elizabeth-gaskell","display_name":"Elizabeth Gaskell","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-and-south","display_name":"North and South","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-relations","display_name":"class relations","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-relations","display_name":"labor relations","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clergymen","display_name":"clergymen","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-space","display_name":"social space","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victorian-philanthropy","display_name":"Victorian philanthropy","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-class","display_name":"gender and class","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.6657461524009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2679804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58434","display_name":"Paternalism","level":2,"score":0.5467768907546997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.540113091468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.5397388339042664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48947383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830719","display_name":"Visitor pattern","level":2,"score":0.5298606753349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5159893035888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.4759352207183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.4537730813026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4532720148563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23569545149803162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2125001847743988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.16668376326560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.1628521978855133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1362849473953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08607178926467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2934043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2934043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2934043","pdf_url":"https://online.ucpress.edu/ncl/article-pdf/49/1/21/574764/2934043.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100105777","display_name":"Nineteenth-Century Literature","issn_l":"0891-9356","issn":["0891-9356","1067-8352"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315693","host_organization_name":"University of California Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315693"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nineteenth-Century Literature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1525/ncl.1994.49.1.99p0059m","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.1994.49.1.99p0059m","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/ncl.1994.49.1.99p0059m","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100105777","display_name":"Nineteenth-Century Literature","issn_l":"0891-9356","issn":["0891-9356","1067-8352"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315693","host_organization_name":"University of California Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315693"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nineteenth-Century Literature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/12358","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/12358","pdf_url":"https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstreams/456af999-c802-4df3-9562-2e09234e7ea6/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196285","display_name":"KU ScholarWorks (University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2934043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2934043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2934043","pdf_url":"https://online.ucpress.edu/ncl/article-pdf/49/1/21/574764/2934043.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S100105777","display_name":"Nineteenth-Century Literature","issn_l":"0891-9356","issn":["0891-9356","1067-8352"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315693","host_organization_name":"University of California Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315693"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nineteenth-Century Literature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2074432846.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2074432846.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W654983344","https://openalex.org/W1995266496","https://openalex.org/W2067659759","https://openalex.org/W4256041828","https://openalex.org/W4302358596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142083687","https://openalex.org/W2376056970","https://openalex.org/W2500168449","https://openalex.org/W2887929189","https://openalex.org/W2950200798","https://openalex.org/W2506152441","https://openalex.org/W2139329439","https://openalex.org/W4244123328","https://openalex.org/W7024016406","https://openalex.org/W2920820744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"essay":[1],"considers":[2],"Elizabeth":[3],"Gaskell's":[4,48,69],"1855":[5],"novel":[6,49],"about":[7],"labor":[8],"relations":[9,37,130],"in":[10,33,107,153],"the":[11,17,22,26,39,45,61,90,110,117,120,133,139,142,151],"context":[12],"of":[13,16,30,64,86,109,135,141],"mid-century":[14],"discussions":[15],"female":[18],"philanthropic":[19],"visitor":[20],"to":[21,74,83],"poor.":[23],"By":[24],"reclaiming":[25],"traditional":[27],"mediating":[28],"role":[29],"women's":[31],"philanthropy":[32],"an":[34],"environment":[35],"where":[36],"between":[38],"classes":[40],"are":[41],"based":[42],"exclusively":[43],"on":[44],"\"cash":[46],"nexus,\"":[47],"represents":[50],"a":[51,98,126,154],"new":[52,99],"social":[53,87,92],"sphere":[54,63],"that":[55,119,131],"includes":[56],"but":[57,100],"is":[58],"more":[59],"than":[60],"domestic":[62],"marriage,":[65],"home,":[66],"and":[67,84,150,156],"children.":[68],"woman":[70],"visitor,":[71],"however,":[72,138],"has":[73],"contend":[75],"with":[76],"male":[77],"professionals,":[78],"especially":[79],"clergymen,":[80],"for":[81,104,128],"access":[82],"control":[85],"space.":[88],"Rejecting":[89],"South's":[91],"paternalism":[93],"as":[94,125],"nostalgic,":[95],"Gaskell":[96],"substitutes":[97],"still":[101,145],"familial":[102],"metaphor":[103,144],"class":[105,129],"relations:":[106],"place":[108],"parent-child":[111],"metaphor,":[112],"she":[113],"offers":[114],"marriage.":[115],"Despite":[116],"fact":[118],"novel's":[121],"marriage":[122],"plot":[123],"functions":[124],"model":[127],"requires":[132],"intervention":[134],"women":[136,148],"philanthropists,":[137],"use":[140],"marital":[143],"leaves":[146],"both":[147],"philanthropists":[149],"poor":[152],"dependent":[155],"vulnerable":[157],"position.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}