{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074150002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1999.10718893","title":"The Effect of Particle Size of Whole-Grain Flour on Plasma Glucose, Insulin, Glucagon and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Humans","display_name":"The Effect of Particle Size of Whole-Grain Flour on Plasma Glucose, Insulin, Glucagon and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Humans","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074150002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1999.10718893","mag":"2074150002","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10613410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07315724.1999.10718893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1999.10718893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1999.10718893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102275522","display_name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","issn_l":"0731-5724","issn":["0731-5724","1541-1087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113983180","display_name":"Kay M. Behall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088410","display_name":"Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/004zpe866","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210088410","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kay M. Behall","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Maryland 20705-2350, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Maryland 20705-2350, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I4210088410","https://openalex.org/I4210125976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113552072","display_name":"Daniel J. Scholfield","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088410","display_name":"Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/004zpe866","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210088410","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Scholfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I4210088410","https://openalex.org/I4210125976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112794819","display_name":"Judith G. Hallfrisch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088410","display_name":"Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/004zpe866","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210088410","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125976","display_name":"Beltsville Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03b08sh51","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210125976","https://openalex.org/I4210138094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith Hallfrisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I4210088410","https://openalex.org/I4210125976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6321,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71135447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"591","last_page":"597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10140","display_name":"Food composition and properties","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10140","display_name":"Food composition and properties","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12403","display_name":"Seed and Plant Biochemistry","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12964","display_name":"Diet, Metabolism, and Disease","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-wheat-flour","display_name":"whole wheat flour","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-size","display_name":"particle size","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-response","display_name":"glycemic response","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-glucose","display_name":"plasma glucose","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin","display_name":"insulin","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucagon","display_name":"glucagon","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-stimulating-hormone","display_name":"thyroid-stimulating hormone","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postprandial-hormone-response","display_name":"postprandial hormone response","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-bread","display_name":"white bread","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-fiber","display_name":"dietary fiber","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bread-texture","display_name":"bread texture","score":0.7129999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778199505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992990","display_name":"Postprandial","level":3,"score":0.8085718154907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017554442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938952","display_name":"Whole grains","level":2,"score":0.6817811727523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.6407987475395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017879956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938952","display_name":"Whole wheat","level":2,"score":0.6080132722854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.5886198878288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.5576131343841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776652674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273924","display_name":"Glycemic index","level":4,"score":0.5421037077903748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778563252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170617","display_name":"Glucagon","level":3,"score":0.5020086765289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019985465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249305","display_name":"Wheat flour","level":2,"score":0.4562562108039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34891438484191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.34063833951950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.33682000637054443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.23774665594100952}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001939","descriptor_name":"Bread","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004043","descriptor_name":"Dietary Fiber","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004043","descriptor_name":"Dietary Fiber","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005433","descriptor_name":"Flour","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005934","descriptor_name":"Glucagon","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010316","descriptor_name":"Particle Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013972","descriptor_name":"Thyrotropin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014908","descriptor_name":"Triticum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07315724.1999.10718893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1999.10718893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1999.10718893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102275522","display_name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","issn_l":"0731-5724","issn":["0731-5724","1541-1087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10613410","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10613410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.6735000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W266808847","https://openalex.org/W1831018668","https://openalex.org/W1842623328","https://openalex.org/W1897865973","https://openalex.org/W1986645327","https://openalex.org/W2000469015","https://openalex.org/W2032344007","https://openalex.org/W2057753067","https://openalex.org/W2062788880","https://openalex.org/W2076251228","https://openalex.org/W2076429988","https://openalex.org/W2091623790","https://openalex.org/W2095609937","https://openalex.org/W2125480430","https://openalex.org/W2132216789","https://openalex.org/W2135855780","https://openalex.org/W2141866761","https://openalex.org/W2146731250","https://openalex.org/W2161129866","https://openalex.org/W2254045103","https://openalex.org/W2284675620","https://openalex.org/W2317120665","https://openalex.org/W2397343557","https://openalex.org/W2398395175","https://openalex.org/W2415009394","https://openalex.org/W2418725190","https://openalex.org/W2462059120","https://openalex.org/W4232643383","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989602579","https://openalex.org/W3186634587","https://openalex.org/W7132967628","https://openalex.org/W7018671230","https://openalex.org/W2146731250","https://openalex.org/W2398395175","https://openalex.org/W2413860766","https://openalex.org/W2028766242","https://openalex.org/W2057753067","https://openalex.org/W3092259938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Although":[1],"it":[2],"is":[3],"well":[4,217],"known":[5],"that":[6],"consumption":[7,44,60,227],"of":[8,45,53,61,85,119,182,208,228,236],"whole-grain":[9,46,66,97,102],"foods":[10,47],"with":[11,26,64,93,137,145],"higher":[12,178,196],"fiber":[13],"content":[14],"results":[15],"in":[16,30,111,211],"beneficial":[17,70],"health":[18],"effects,":[19],"most":[20],"Americans":[21],"usually":[22],"prefer":[23],"bread":[24,31,62,91,184],"made":[25,63,92],"white":[27,138],"flour.":[28],"Changes":[29],"texture":[32],"and":[33,79,142,154,166,213],"undesirable":[34,74],"intestinal":[35],"responses":[36,158],"have":[37],"been":[38],"reported":[39],"as":[40,216,218],"reasons":[41],"for":[42],"avoiding":[43],"or":[48,90,100],"high-fiber":[49],"menus.":[50],"The":[51,122,233],"purpose":[52],"this":[54],"study":[55],"was":[56,127],"to":[57,82,159,224],"determine":[58],"whether":[59],"ultra-fine-ground":[65],"wheat":[67,98,103,239],"flour":[68,105,240],"retained":[69],"effects":[71],"while":[72],"reducing":[73],"effects.":[75],"METHODS:":[76],"Twenty-six":[77],"men":[78],"women,":[80],"31":[81],"55":[83],"years":[84],"age,":[86],"consumed":[87],"glucose":[88,149,174,199,212],"solutions":[89],"traditional":[94],"white,":[95],"conventional":[96,229],"(WWF),":[99],"ultra-fine":[101],"(UFWF)":[104],"(1":[106],"g":[107],"carbohydrate/kg":[108],"body":[109],"weight)":[110],"a":[112,134,148],"Latin":[113],"square":[114],"design":[115],"after":[116,133,147,172,180,197,203,226],"two":[117],"days":[118],"controlled":[120],"diet.":[121],"effect":[123],"on":[124],"glycemic":[125,245],"response":[126],"determined":[128],"by":[129],"comparing":[130],"blood":[131],"variables,":[132],"tolerance":[135,150],"test":[136],"bread,":[139,141,144],"WWF":[140],"UFWF":[143,209],"those":[146,225],"test.":[151],"RESULTS:":[152],"Men":[153],"women":[155],"had":[156],"similar":[157,223],"all":[160],"tolerances":[161],"except":[162],"postprandial":[163],"TSH.":[164],"Glucose":[165],"insulin":[167,214],"levels":[168],"one":[169],"half":[170],"hour":[171],"the":[173,183,192,198,204,221],"load":[175,200],"were":[176,194],"significantly":[177,195],"than":[179,201],"any":[181],"tolerances.":[185],"Glucose,":[186],"but":[187],"not":[188,242],"insulin,":[189],"areas":[190,202,219],"under":[191,220],"curve":[193],"three":[205],"breads.":[206],"Consumption":[207],"resulted":[210],"responses,":[215],"curve,":[222],"whole-wheat":[230],"bread.":[231],"CONCLUSION:":[232],"particle":[234],"size":[235],"whole":[237],"grain":[238],"did":[241],"substantially":[243],"affect":[244],"responses.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
