{"id":"https://openalex.org/W207403274","doi":null,"title":"Predictors of young physicians practicing specialties without prior graduate medical education.","display_name":"Predictors of young physicians practicing specialties without prior graduate medical education.","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W207403274","mag":"207403274","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7860321","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1070040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:265387","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1070040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1070040","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054410847","display_name":"Dennis A. Bertram","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D A Bertram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054410847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"6","first_page":"719","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postgraduate-medical-education","display_name":"graduate medical education","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-physicians","display_name":"young physicians","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specialty-choice","display_name":"specialty choice","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-medical-graduates","display_name":"international medical graduates","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-school-debt","display_name":"medical school debt","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine-training","display_name":"internal medicine training","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociodemographic-predictors","display_name":"sociodemographic predictors","score":0.8579999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20387591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930752","display_name":"Specialty","level":2,"score":0.8128416538238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.7047093510627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5592059","display_name":"Graduate medical education","level":3,"score":0.6742105484008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6482073664665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11920938","display_name":"Marital status","level":3,"score":0.5926578640937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5511915683746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910870146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8031527","display_name":"Women Physicians","level":2,"score":0.5369135737419128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3306353986263275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61521584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899","display_name":"Accreditation","level":2,"score":0.2198474109172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1039099395275116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002321","descriptor_name":"Career Choice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004503","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Graduate","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004503","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Graduate","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008511","descriptor_name":"Medicine","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011364","descriptor_name":"Professional Practice","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013038","descriptor_name":"Specialization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:265387","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1070040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:7860321","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7860321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health services research","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1070040","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1070040/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Serv Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:207403274","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7860321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:265387","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1070040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5385000109672546},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58294135","https://openalex.org/W1839752292","https://openalex.org/W1965787480","https://openalex.org/W1984363050","https://openalex.org/W1987048176","https://openalex.org/W1999920993","https://openalex.org/W2007889404","https://openalex.org/W2025111736","https://openalex.org/W2028388842","https://openalex.org/W2043386284","https://openalex.org/W2046309210","https://openalex.org/W2058066844","https://openalex.org/W2062321601","https://openalex.org/W2065280041","https://openalex.org/W2083690082","https://openalex.org/W2266995761","https://openalex.org/W2413482407","https://openalex.org/W2419424162","https://openalex.org/W2471201704","https://openalex.org/W4229884329","https://openalex.org/W4290317286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318648363","https://openalex.org/W2034008458","https://openalex.org/W7128765633","https://openalex.org/W1985552590","https://openalex.org/W103412796","https://openalex.org/W1998498529","https://openalex.org/W2055081250","https://openalex.org/W4307582458","https://openalex.org/W3150784053","https://openalex.org/W2341335135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"identifies":[3],"predictors":[4,148,212],"of":[5,32,37,48,107,149,171,225,250,257],"young":[6,33,82,150],"physicians":[7,66,83,134,151,267],"practicing":[8,152],"specialties":[9,69,78,88,137,153,162,234,242],"for":[10,89,115],"which":[11,90],"they":[12,91],"did":[13],"not":[14,121],"report":[15],"having":[16,201],"graduate":[17,72,102,237],"medical":[18,73,101,182,238],"education.":[19],"DATA":[20,123],"SOURCE:":[21],"A":[22],"secondary":[23],"analysis":[24,143],"was":[25,120,128,144,243],"conducted":[26],"using":[27],"a":[28,116,178,254],"nationally":[29],"representative":[30],"survey":[31],"physicians,":[34],"Practice":[35],"Patterns":[36],"Young":[38,65],"Physicians,":[39],"1987":[40],"(United":[41],"States).":[42],"Physicians":[43,159],"were":[44,79,95,168,213],"under":[45],"40":[46],"years":[47],"age":[49],"and":[50,105,113,176,186,200,248],"in":[51,76,188,204,240],"uninterrupted":[52],"practice":[53,117,271],"more":[54,166,190],"than":[55,59,174],"one":[56],"but":[57,215,253],"fewer":[58],"six":[60],"complete":[61],"years.":[62],"STUDY":[63],"DESIGN:":[64],"who":[67,84,135,160],"practiced":[68,85,136,161],"without":[70,138,154,163,235],"prior":[71,139,155,164,236],"education":[74,239],"(GME)":[75],"these":[77],"compared":[80],"to":[81,146,245],"only":[86],"the":[87,189,211,258],"reported":[92],"GME.":[93,140,156],"Comparisons":[94],"made":[96],"on":[97],"sociodemographic":[98,246],"characteristics,":[99],"international":[100],"status,":[103,199],"number":[104],"types":[106],"GME":[108,165,187,203],"specialties,":[109],"year":[110],"completed":[111],"GME,":[112],"preference":[114],"position":[118],"that":[119,210,220],"offered.":[122],"EXTRACTION":[124],"METHODS:":[125],"Sample":[126],"size":[127],"4,440,":[129],"including":[130],"345":[131],"(7.8":[132],"percent)":[133],"Logistic":[141],"regression":[142],"used":[145],"identify":[147],"PRINCIPAL":[157],"FINDINGS:":[158],"likely":[167],"younger,":[169],"members":[170],"minorities":[172],"other":[173],"Black,":[175],"with":[177],"physician":[179,261],"father,":[180],"high":[181],"school":[183],"educational":[184],"debt,":[185],"generalist":[191],"specialties.":[192],"Interaction":[193],"effects":[194],"occurred":[195],"among":[196],"sex,":[197],"marital":[198],"had":[202],"internal":[205],"medicine.":[206],"Goodness-of-fit":[207],"analyses":[208],"indicated":[209,219],"useful,":[214],"classification":[216],"table":[217],"results":[218],"at":[221],"best":[222],"two":[223],"out":[224],"three":[226],"cases":[227],"could":[228],"be":[229],"correctly":[230],"classified.":[231],"CONCLUSIONS:":[232],"Practicing":[233],"those":[241],"related":[244],"characteristics":[247],"type":[249],"specialty":[251,262],"training,":[252],"fuller":[255],"understanding":[256],"circumstances":[259],"affecting":[260],"changes":[263],"will":[264],"require":[265],"querying":[266],"directly":[268],"about":[269],"their":[270],"choices.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}