{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073855644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jpa1999.0390","title":"Grain Sorghum Response to Row Spacings and Seeding Rates in Kansas","display_name":"Grain Sorghum Response to Row Spacings and Seeding Rates in Kansas","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073855644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jpa1999.0390","mag":"2073855644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2134/jpa1999.0390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jpa1999.0390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jpa1999.0390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125600968","display_name":"jpa","issn_l":"0890-8524","issn":["0890-8524","2689-4114"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Production Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057966135","display_name":"Scott Staggenborg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. A. Staggenborg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Area Ext. Office 1515 College Ave. Manhattan KS 66502"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Area Ext. Office 1515 College Ave. Manhattan KS 66502","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069624456","display_name":"D. L. Fjell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. L. Fjell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Agronomy, 2014 Throckmorton Hall; Kansas State Univ.; Manhattan KS 66506"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Agronomy, 2014 Throckmorton Hall; Kansas State Univ.; Manhattan KS 66506","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109149003","display_name":"Daniel L. Devlin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. L. Devlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Agronomy, 2014 Throckmorton Hall; Kansas State Univ.; Manhattan KS 66506"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Agronomy, 2014 Throckmorton Hall; Kansas State Univ.; Manhattan KS 66506","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066963915","display_name":"W. Barney Gordon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. B. Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Irrigation and North Central Exp. Fld. R.R.1, Box 43 Courtland KS 66939"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Irrigation and North Central Exp. Fld. R.R.1, Box 43 Courtland KS 66939","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002225867","display_name":"Brian Marsh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. H. Marsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of California 1031 S. Mt. Vernon Ave Bakersfield CA 93307"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California 1031 S. Mt. Vernon Ave Bakersfield CA 93307","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057966135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7676359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"390","last_page":"395"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12571","display_name":"Soybean genetics and cultivation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13628","display_name":"Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-sorghum","display_name":"grain sorghum","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorghum","display_name":"sorghum","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/row-spacing","display_name":"row spacing","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seeding-rate","display_name":"seeding rate","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-population","display_name":"plant population","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-components","display_name":"yield components","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-potential","display_name":"yield potential","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northeast-kansas","display_name":"northeast Kansas","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-structure","display_name":"canopy structure","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-interception","display_name":"light interception","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-comparison","display_name":"hybrid comparison","score":0.3070000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75337361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148600","display_name":"Panicle","level":2,"score":0.9129035472869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778157034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12111","display_name":"Sorghum","level":2,"score":0.8993663787841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48508581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4675074","display_name":"Acre","level":2,"score":0.7421469688415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7252179980278015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36248471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445669","display_name":"Seeding","level":2,"score":0.638343095779419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992211155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Grain yield","level":2,"score":0.5169622302055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5012102127075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44604435563087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778673487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6894868","display_name":"Moisture stress","level":3,"score":0.4359113872051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48189365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42621","display_name":"Hybrid","level":2,"score":0.4318067133426666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3049394190311432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.2638814449310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11483058333396912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06540748476982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2134/jpa1999.0390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jpa1999.0390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jpa1999.0390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125600968","display_name":"jpa","issn_l":"0890-8524","issn":["0890-8524","2689-4114"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Production Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309431","display_name":"Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa5t726"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310131","display_name":"University of Kansas","ror":"https://ror.org/001tmjg57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974988368","https://openalex.org/W1976020140","https://openalex.org/W2003760268","https://openalex.org/W2018792511","https://openalex.org/W2048549940","https://openalex.org/W2050064021","https://openalex.org/W2051340492","https://openalex.org/W2054324653","https://openalex.org/W2063404030","https://openalex.org/W2064162211","https://openalex.org/W2073047238","https://openalex.org/W2076140887","https://openalex.org/W2076988036","https://openalex.org/W2079466488","https://openalex.org/W2086676271","https://openalex.org/W2890142343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130176990","https://openalex.org/W1973812869","https://openalex.org/W2046854351","https://openalex.org/W2010963063","https://openalex.org/W2519430077","https://openalex.org/W2948432944","https://openalex.org/W1990361435","https://openalex.org/W1966211652","https://openalex.org/W893312619","https://openalex.org/W2075669091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0,234],"research":[1,20,235],"suggests":[2],"that":[3,45,187,217,275,321,407,544,782],"reducing":[4,46,207,276,497],"row":[5,47,72,158,190,228,251,277,322,338,410,488,498,588,623,711,732,739],"spacings":[6,73,278,323,411,489,499,712,733],"increased":[7,304,665,672,726,744,749,766],"grain":[8,51,53,78,131,197,241,292,309,329,341,348,392,442,492,519,542,576,741,761],"sorghum's":[9],"[Sorghum":[10],"bicolor":[11],"(L.)":[12],"Moench.]":[13],"yield":[14,27,56,134,264,583,619],"potential.":[15,265],"However,":[16,756],"most":[17],"of":[18,37,71,206,313,337,352,374,399,463,496,593,605,618,630,639,737,777,792,800],"this":[19,38,314],"was":[21,59,253,316,601,626,797],"conducted":[22,60,428],"in":[23,32,64,85,147,209,240,243,360,436,447,510,527,541,553,565,597,655,713,716,760,815],"environments":[24,101,202,260,517,574,600],"with":[25,203,518],"lower":[26,210],"potentials":[28],"than":[29,119,530,551,563,652,694],"currently":[30],"found":[31],"northeast":[33,65,437,717],"Kansas.":[34,438,718],"The":[35,311,372,472,494,536,591],"objectives":[36],"study":[39,214,315],"were":[40,83,108,173,427,445,476,508,545,578,734,748,785],"to":[41,67,145,223,271,284,302,306,317,381,458,503,724,727,753,767,775,804,817],"determine":[42,318],"the":[43,69,113,121,138,151,273,319,335,375,516,531,554,566,587,594,598,603,613,616,622,628,643,647,657,669,676,683,695,738,798,801,818,822],"impact":[44,274,320],"spacing":[48,154,159,191,252,339,589,624],"had":[49,659],"on":[50,77,262,291,328,340],"sorghum":[52,79,189,267,330,342,393,409,443,491,707,742,783],"yields":[54,103,107,142,198,208,242,349,359,394,415,520,529,543,577,708,730,743,762,784],"and":[55,74,88,96,115,127,170,248,324,347,365,384,431,440,450,468,481,512,558,608,698,810],"components.":[57],"Research":[58,232],"over":[61,395],"five":[62,714],"location\u2010years":[63,715],"Kansas":[66],"evaluate":[68],"effects":[70,495],"plant":[75,148,156,161,299,325,400,421,461,721,746,793,809],"populations":[76,149,300,326,401,462,722,747,765],"yields.":[80,293,310,331],"Two":[81],"hybrids":[82,444],"planted":[84],"10,":[86,448],"20,":[87,449],"30":[89,93,122,193,280,451,464,501,567,751],"in.":[90,117,123,194,283,288,452,502,507,538,556,568],"rows":[91,118,362,377,453,525,533,539,557,569,596,645,671,685],"at":[92,433,454,709],"000,60":[94],"000,":[95,465,467],"90":[97,469,768],"000":[98,470,752,769],"plants/acre.":[99,471,484,770],"In":[100,515,573,612],"where":[102,575],"exceeded":[104],"100":[105,522,580],"bu/acre,":[106,523,581],"approximately":[109,546],"10%":[110],"higher":[111,358,528],"from":[112,120,279,500,750],"10":[114,285,506,537],"20":[116,287,366,504,555],"rows.":[124],"When":[125,635],"moisture":[126],"temperature":[128],"stress":[129,692,701],"limited":[130],"yields,":[132],"no":[133,582,757],"differences":[135,584],"occurred":[136,585,763],"among":[137,586],"row\u2010spacing":[139],"treatments.":[140,590],"Grain":[141,266,706],"responded":[143],"little":[144,204],"changes":[146],"throughout":[150],"study.":[152],"Reducing":[153],"per":[155,165,168,808,813],"(reducing":[157],"or":[160,281,286,505],"populations)":[162],"reduced":[163],"panicles":[164],"plant.":[166],"Caryopses":[167],"panicle":[169,806,814],"caryopses":[171],"weights":[172],"affected":[174],"primarily":[175],"by":[176,668],"growing":[177,370,823],"conditions":[178,819],"during":[179,429,821],"their":[180,263,631],"respective":[181],"development":[182],"periods.":[183],"These":[184,771],"results":[185,772],"suggest":[186],"decreasing":[188],"below":[192],"will":[195,289],"increase":[196,239,759],"under":[199,368,579],"high":[200],"yielding":[201,211],"risk":[205],"environments.":[212,514,572],"This":[213,255,795],"also":[215],"indicates":[216],"seeding":[218,455],"rates":[219,456],"do":[220],"not":[221,660],"have":[222,290,301,327,350,356,389,723],"be":[224,303,417,725],"altered":[225],"as":[226,246,408,731,745,764],"narrow":[227,361,376,524,595,644,670,684],"systems":[229],"are":[230,269,412,773],"adopted.":[231],"Question":[233],"has":[236,257,378],"shown":[237],"an":[238,636],"crops":[244],"such":[245,663],"soybeans":[247],"corn":[249],"when":[250],"reduced.":[254],"response":[256,620,816],"varied":[258],"across":[259,570,621,788],"based":[261],"producers":[268],"beginning":[270],"question":[272],"36":[282,477],"A":[294],"secondary":[295],"concern":[296],"is":[297],"whether":[298],"simultaneously":[305],"achieve":[307,459,728],"maximum":[308,729],"objective":[312],"Literature":[332],"Summary":[333],"Recently,":[334],"influences":[336],"canopy":[343,658],"architecture,":[344],"light":[345,383,607,666],"interception,":[346],"been":[351,379],"interest.":[353],"Several":[354],"researchers":[355],"reported":[357,390],"(12,":[363],"15,":[364],"in.)":[367],"favorable":[369],"conditions.":[371],"advantage":[373,592],"attributed":[380],"improved":[382],"water":[385,609,632,650,673,691,700],"use":[386,610,633],"efficiency.":[387,611],"Others":[388],"stable":[391,787],"a":[396,403,703,789],"wide":[397,532,653,696,790],"range":[398,791],"within":[402],"given":[404],"environment,":[405],"suggesting":[406],"reduced,":[413],"optimal":[414],"may":[416],"achieved":[418],"without":[419],"increasing":[420],"populations.":[422,794],"Study":[423],"Description":[424],"Field":[425],"studies":[426],"1995":[430],"1996":[432],"three":[434,710],"locations":[435],"Early\u2010":[439],"late\u2010maturing":[441],"seeded":[446],"designed":[457],"target":[460],"60":[466,754],"final":[473],"average":[474],"stands":[475],"654,":[478],"59":[479],"904,":[480],"86":[482],"967":[483],"Applied":[485],"Questions":[486],"Did":[487,720],"affect":[490],"yields?":[493],"different":[509],"high\u2010":[511],"low\u2010yielding":[513],"above":[521],"resulted":[526,540],"(Fig.":[534],").":[535],"9%":[547],"(11":[548],"bu/acre)":[549,561],"greater":[550,562,606],"those":[552,564,776],"11%":[559],"(15":[560],"all":[571],"higher\u2010yielding":[599],"probably":[602,627,686],"result":[604,629,799],"lower\u2010yielding":[614],"environments,":[615],"lack":[617],"treatments":[625],"characteristics.":[634],"extended":[637,679],"period":[638,678],"dry":[640,677],"weather":[641],"occurred,":[642],"depleted":[646],"stored":[648],"soil":[649],"faster":[651],"rows,":[654,697],"which":[656,780],"closed.":[661],"Under":[662],"conditions,":[664],"interception":[667],"use.":[674],"Because":[675],"for":[680,702],"several":[681],"weeks,":[682],"used":[687],"more":[688],"water,":[689],"experienced":[690],"earlier":[693],"suffered":[699],"longer":[704],"time.":[705],"image":[719],"reduced?":[735],"Regardless":[736],"spacing,":[740],"000/acre.":[755],"further":[758],"similar":[774],"previous":[778],"research,":[779],"indicated":[781],"very":[786],"stability":[796],"plant's":[802],"ability":[803],"adjust":[805],"number":[807,812],"seed":[811],"encountered":[820],"season.":[824]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
