{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073722893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2013.834116","title":"The enemy within: rethinking arms availability in sub-Saharan Africa","display_name":"The enemy within: rethinking arms availability in sub-Saharan Africa","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073722893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2013.834116","mag":"2073722893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/14678802.2013.834116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2013.834116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2013.834116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107313304","display_name":"Conflict Security and Development","issn_l":"1467-8802","issn":["1467-8802","1478-1174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conflict, Security &amp; Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039987318","display_name":"Robert Muggah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-3127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-3127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2699952","display_name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/01dg47b60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2699952"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096389","display_name":"Igarap\u00e9 Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00sa58r90","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096389"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270769","display_name":"Small Arms Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/01a1k5a76","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286852","display_name":"SecDev (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ady9e13","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286852"]}],"countries":["BR","CA","CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Muggah","raw_affiliation_strings":["currently a Principal of The SecDev Group in Canada, an Associate of the International Relations Faculty of PUC in Rio de Janeiro and Research Director of the Igarap\u00e9 Institute in Brazil. He was formerly Research Director of the Small Arms Survey in Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"currently a Principal of The SecDev Group in Canada, an Associate of the International Relations Faculty of PUC in Rio de Janeiro and Research Director of the Igarap\u00e9 Institute in Brazil. He was formerly Research Director of the Small Arms Survey in Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2699952","https://openalex.org/I4210096389","https://openalex.org/I4405270769","https://openalex.org/I4405286852"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Francis Sang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Sang","raw_affiliation_strings":["the former director of RECSA in Nairobi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the former director of RECSA in Nairobi","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"417","last_page":"447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.5189999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":0.5189999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.20100000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12263","display_name":"Peacebuilding and International Security","score":0.08919999748468399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-arms-and-light-weapons","display_name":"small arms and light weapons","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arms-trafficking","display_name":"arms trafficking","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arms-production","display_name":"arms production","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armed-groups","display_name":"armed groups","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-governance","display_name":"security governance","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arms-control","display_name":"arms control","score":0.75}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019446561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12796","display_name":"Small arms","level":2,"score":0.5721721649169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538168058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364056","display_name":"Arms control","level":2,"score":0.5572291612625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5288863182067871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5046991109848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554616519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185785","display_name":"Ammunition","level":2,"score":0.503248393535614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4937842786312103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.468252032995224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4385543465614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.36533308029174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35299599170684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.29466211795806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23219484090805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22613394260406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2007673978805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08315214514732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/14678802.2013.834116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2013.834116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2013.834116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107313304","display_name":"Conflict Security and Development","issn_l":"1467-8802","issn":["1467-8802","1478-1174"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conflict, Security &amp; Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39502997","https://openalex.org/W124159547","https://openalex.org/W576126423","https://openalex.org/W593887216","https://openalex.org/W647082100","https://openalex.org/W1538863840","https://openalex.org/W1542392935","https://openalex.org/W1976474092","https://openalex.org/W1982257365","https://openalex.org/W1986603541","https://openalex.org/W1994463608","https://openalex.org/W1995567605","https://openalex.org/W2018692655","https://openalex.org/W2018735592","https://openalex.org/W2019518871","https://openalex.org/W2021242105","https://openalex.org/W2028486012","https://openalex.org/W2051885570","https://openalex.org/W2058895320","https://openalex.org/W2060954884","https://openalex.org/W2080611061","https://openalex.org/W2093049733","https://openalex.org/W2133462023","https://openalex.org/W2150148355","https://openalex.org/W2151780178","https://openalex.org/W2164072245","https://openalex.org/W2279354680","https://openalex.org/W2484655342","https://openalex.org/W2613954011","https://openalex.org/W2789396312","https://openalex.org/W2803728193","https://openalex.org/W3126332046","https://openalex.org/W4229534016","https://openalex.org/W4229883593","https://openalex.org/W4235750713","https://openalex.org/W4246774638","https://openalex.org/W4300507873","https://openalex.org/W4301304795"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969723150","https://openalex.org/W3108933982","https://openalex.org/W3159680622","https://openalex.org/W2740468490","https://openalex.org/W4408125801","https://openalex.org/W1962674846","https://openalex.org/W3139823599","https://openalex.org/W4379407645","https://openalex.org/W3145561171","https://openalex.org/W2244391730"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,23,26,63,99,104,115,124,144,152,173,179],"past":[2],"decade":[3],"small":[4,67,185],"arms":[5,29,68,109,156,165,186],"and":[6,36,52,54,60,69,84,114,120,163,178,182,187,191,196],"light":[7,70,188],"weapons":[8,71,119,189],"availability":[9,30,72,157],"has":[10,42],"been":[11],"singled":[12],"out":[13],"as":[14,31,76],"one":[15,32],"of":[16,25,28,33,101,107,118,127,140,155,175],"sub-Saharan":[17],"Africa's":[18],"highest":[19],"profile":[20],"challenges.":[21],"Yet":[22],"construction":[24],"threat":[27],"authorised":[34,92],"trade":[35],"illicit":[37],"trafficking":[38],"across":[39,112,143],"international":[40,164],"borders":[41],"resulted":[43],"in":[44],"a":[45,77,136,169],"narrow":[46],"focus":[47],"on":[48,90],"regulating":[49],"lawful":[50],"exports":[51],"imports":[53],"brokers.":[55],"While":[56],"these":[57],"are":[58],"real":[59],"legitimate":[61],"concerns,":[62],"authors":[64],"contend":[65],"that":[66],"should":[73],"be":[74],"re-evaluated":[75],"complex":[78],"social":[79],"phenomenon":[80],"involving":[81],"dynamic":[82,138],"supply":[83],"demand":[85],"dimensions.":[86],"A":[87],"limited":[88],"emphasis":[89],"controlling":[91],"transfers":[93],"to":[94],"war":[95,149],"zones":[96],"glosses":[97],"over":[98],"challenges":[100],"illegal":[102],"markets,":[103],"gradual":[105],"emergence":[106],"national":[108],"production":[110],"capacities":[111],"Africa":[113],"systematic":[116],"diversion":[117],"ammunition":[121],"surplus":[122],"from":[123],"domestic":[125],"stocks":[126],"security":[128,176],"services":[129],"into":[130],"civilian":[131],"hands.":[132],"It":[133],"also":[134],"obscures":[135,172],"more":[137],"landscape":[139],"armed":[141,194],"violence":[142],"continent":[145],"which":[146],"extends":[147],"beyond":[148],"zones.":[150],"Whilst":[151],"conventional":[153],"interpretation":[154],"is":[158],"favoured":[159],"by":[160],"African":[161],"diplomats":[162],"control":[166],"experts,":[167],"such":[168],"reading":[170],"potentially":[171],"weaknesses":[174],"governance":[177],"myriad":[180],"motivations":[181],"means":[183],"shaping":[184],"acquisition":[190],"misuse":[192],"amongst":[193],"groups":[195],"civilians.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
