{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073573609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","title":"Knowledge Based Solution Strategies in Medical Reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge Based Solution Strategies in Medical Reasoning","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073573609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","mag":"2073573609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2073573609"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047328073","display_name":"Vimla Lodhia Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-6642","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-6642"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V PATEL","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064788395","display_name":"Guy J. Groen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G GROEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["McGill University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":{"value":4000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.6303,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":592,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99729364,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"91","last_page":"116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.031700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-reasoning","display_name":"medical reasoning","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-diagnosis","display_name":"physician diagnosis","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-bacterial-endocarditis","display_name":"acute bacterial endocarditis","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-reasoning","display_name":"causal reasoning","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-chaining","display_name":"forward chaining","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-chaining","display_name":"backward chaining","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"knowledge base","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-rules","display_name":"causal rules","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/top-down-processing","display_name":"top-down processing","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-generation","display_name":"rule generation","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5065304040908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.35236477851867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3393799662590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33659955859184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.23432296514511108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10004076361656189}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0364-0213(86)80010-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(86)80010-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0364-0213(86)80010-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1207/s15516709cog1001_4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78735424","display_name":"Cognitive Science","issn_l":"0364-0213","issn":["0364-0213","1551-6709"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2073573609.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2073573609.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751752","https://openalex.org/W141068565","https://openalex.org/W160885015","https://openalex.org/W236641036","https://openalex.org/W283491569","https://openalex.org/W562127744","https://openalex.org/W1489174353","https://openalex.org/W1564733196","https://openalex.org/W1587652622","https://openalex.org/W1878249060","https://openalex.org/W1910913679","https://openalex.org/W1970185999","https://openalex.org/W1970561716","https://openalex.org/W1979968809","https://openalex.org/W1981120806","https://openalex.org/W2005814556","https://openalex.org/W2009862599","https://openalex.org/W2013185882","https://openalex.org/W2021690438","https://openalex.org/W2043328552","https://openalex.org/W2048225703","https://openalex.org/W2059086756","https://openalex.org/W2060642394","https://openalex.org/W2082514524","https://openalex.org/W2087037929","https://openalex.org/W2088393304","https://openalex.org/W2090639711","https://openalex.org/W2091785129","https://openalex.org/W2110293626","https://openalex.org/W2139252049","https://openalex.org/W2160630870","https://openalex.org/W2175268987","https://openalex.org/W2255749336","https://openalex.org/W2330406410","https://openalex.org/W2333057202","https://openalex.org/W2333196491","https://openalex.org/W2912944677","https://openalex.org/W3093981756","https://openalex.org/W4234442730","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298037799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7046803187","https://openalex.org/W2028020006","https://openalex.org/W1606106449","https://openalex.org/W2378466783","https://openalex.org/W2016816148","https://openalex.org/W6990449869","https://openalex.org/W7042722440","https://openalex.org/W2157166917","https://openalex.org/W4407854719","https://openalex.org/W4229580261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"techniques":[1],"of":[2,11,20,23,30,40,52,56,63,104,107,135],"propositionol":[3],"analysis":[4],"are":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,78,101,124,132],"examine":[8],"the":[9,18,38,72,81,91,125,133],"protocols":[10],"seven":[12],"cardiologists":[13],"in":[14,50,71,90,120,128],"a":[15,21,53,61,105,114,121],"task":[16],"involving":[17],"diagnosis":[19,45],"case":[22],"acute":[24],"bacterial":[25],"endocarditis":[26],"and":[27,109,118],"an":[28,43],"explanation":[29],"its":[31],"underlying":[32,83],"pathophysiology.":[33],"It":[34],"is":[35],"shown":[36],"that":[37],"explanations":[39],"physicians":[41],"making":[42],"accurate":[44],"can":[46],"be":[47],"accounted":[48],"for":[49],"terms":[51],"model":[54],"consisting":[55],"pure":[57],"forward":[58,108],"reasoning":[59],"through":[60],"network":[62],"causal":[64],"rules,":[65],"actuated":[66],"by":[67],"relevant":[68],"propositions":[69,126],"embedded":[70,127],"stimulus":[73,129],"text.":[74],"These":[75],"rules":[76],"appear":[77],"derive":[79],"from":[80],"physician's":[82],"knowledge":[84],"base":[85],"rather":[86],"than":[87],"any":[88],"information":[89],"text":[92],"itself.":[93],"In":[94],"contrast,":[95],"subjects":[96],"with":[97,113],"inacurate":[98],"diagnoses":[99],"tend":[100],"make":[102],"use":[103],"mixture":[106],"backward":[110],"reasoning,":[111],"beginning":[112],"high":[115],"level":[116],"hypothesis":[117],"proceeding":[119],"top\u2010down":[122],"fashion":[123],"text,":[130],"or":[131],"generation":[134],"irrelevant":[136],"rules.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":27}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
