{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073537294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301350","title":"The Unique Impact of Abolition of Jim Crow Laws on Reducing Inequities in Infant Death Rates and Implications for Choice of Comparison Groups in Analyzing Societal Determinants of Health","display_name":"The Unique Impact of Abolition of Jim Crow Laws on Reducing Inequities in Infant Death Rates and Implications for Choice of Comparison Groups in Analyzing Societal Determinants of Health","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073537294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301350","mag":"2073537294","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24134378","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3828968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168049282","display_name":"American Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0090-0036","issn":["0090-0036","0271-4353","1541-0048","2330-9687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320277","host_organization_name":"American Public Health Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Public Health Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3828968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078276438","display_name":"Nancy Krieger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-5947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-5947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Krieger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, and Pamela D. Waterman are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Brent Coull is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. Jason Beckfield is with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, and Pamela D. Waterman are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Brent Coull is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. Jason Beckfield is with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058712244","display_name":"Jarvis T. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-1783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-1783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarvis T. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, and Pamela D. Waterman are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Brent Coull is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. Jason Beckfield is with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, and Pamela D. Waterman are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Brent Coull is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. Jason Beckfield is with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045303930","display_name":"Brent A. Coull","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-4156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-4156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brent Coull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, and Pamela D. Waterman are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Brent Coull is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. Jason Beckfield is with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, and Pamela D. Waterman are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Brent Coull is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. Jason Beckfield is with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073481219","display_name":"Pamela D. Waterman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-7165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-7165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela D. Waterman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, and Pamela D. Waterman are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Brent Coull is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. Jason Beckfield is with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, and Pamela D. Waterman are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Brent Coull is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. Jason Beckfield is with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066458064","display_name":"Jason Beckfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-3672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-3672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Beckfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, and Pamela D. Waterman are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Brent Coull is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. Jason Beckfield is with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nancy Krieger, Jarvis T. Chen, and Pamela D. Waterman are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Brent Coull is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health. Jason Beckfield is with the Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":178,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"103","issue":"12","first_page":"2234","last_page":"2244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.5713000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.5713000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12741","display_name":"Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare","score":0.18690000474452972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.11190000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jim-crow-laws","display_name":"Jim Crow laws","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-mortality","display_name":"infant mortality","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-infants","display_name":"Black infants","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-rights-act-of-1964","display_name":"Civil Rights Act of 1964","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparison-groups","display_name":"comparison groups","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-discrimination","display_name":"racial discrimination","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birth-cohort-trends","display_name":"birth cohort trends","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5065404176712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4227690100669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.38484734296798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3610963225364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.35181981325149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3211740255355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3070148229598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29696357250213623}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002961","descriptor_name":"Civil Rights","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007226","descriptor_name":"Infant Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016001","descriptor_name":"Confidence Intervals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019352","descriptor_name":"Censuses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035521","descriptor_name":"Supreme Court Decisions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063505","descriptor_name":"Racism","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168049282","display_name":"American Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0090-0036","issn":["0090-0036","0271-4353","1541-0048","2330-9687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320277","host_organization_name":"American Public Health Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Public Health Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3828968","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3828968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24134378","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24134378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of public health","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/37942008","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37942008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2013.301350_2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3828968","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3828968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6100000143051147}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G959412517","display_name":"Jim Crow & health disparities: exploring age-period-cohort effects","funder_award_id":"R21CA168470","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136706976","https://openalex.org/W147959714","https://openalex.org/W168224072","https://openalex.org/W203675180","https://openalex.org/W374903560","https://openalex.org/W602831092","https://openalex.org/W623990288","https://openalex.org/W1485273089","https://openalex.org/W1515568215","https://openalex.org/W1569331440","https://openalex.org/W1570189431","https://openalex.org/W1570297946","https://openalex.org/W1570388947","https://openalex.org/W1576661285","https://openalex.org/W1594389626","https://openalex.org/W1962472182","https://openalex.org/W1963863684","https://openalex.org/W1968582754","https://openalex.org/W1975412100","https://openalex.org/W1983702762","https://openalex.org/W1985501611","https://openalex.org/W2006867813","https://openalex.org/W2009199165","https://openalex.org/W2012228305","https://openalex.org/W2024517143","https://openalex.org/W2024769697","https://openalex.org/W2031166076","https://openalex.org/W2032592259","https://openalex.org/W2043606613","https://openalex.org/W2048664020","https://openalex.org/W2053568150","https://openalex.org/W2062612069","https://openalex.org/W2067610508","https://openalex.org/W2074565935","https://openalex.org/W2077618811","https://openalex.org/W2080709277","https://openalex.org/W2085747499","https://openalex.org/W2107228140","https://openalex.org/W2118820278","https://openalex.org/W2127970197","https://openalex.org/W2147392348","https://openalex.org/W2147845826","https://openalex.org/W2158099429","https://openalex.org/W2159266620","https://openalex.org/W2163366026","https://openalex.org/W2163660377","https://openalex.org/W2166016300","https://openalex.org/W2168736985","https://openalex.org/W2187303099","https://openalex.org/W2193237471","https://openalex.org/W2220135569","https://openalex.org/W2320877276","https://openalex.org/W2489665594","https://openalex.org/W2494016124","https://openalex.org/W2795866679","https://openalex.org/W2799248931","https://openalex.org/W2801067971","https://openalex.org/W2886293988","https://openalex.org/W2901777438","https://openalex.org/W2916468633","https://openalex.org/W4211191719","https://openalex.org/W4231093305","https://openalex.org/W4245329754","https://openalex.org/W4249440929","https://openalex.org/W4252015615","https://openalex.org/W4256465248","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302065567","https://openalex.org/W4387474794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2317302092","https://openalex.org/W4391451568","https://openalex.org/W1978175047","https://openalex.org/W7204617435","https://openalex.org/W1485273089","https://openalex.org/W2506320464","https://openalex.org/W2807963181","https://openalex.org/W2337563495","https://openalex.org/W2112493547","https://openalex.org/W2100224490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"We":[1,34],"explored":[2],"associations":[3],"between":[4],"the":[5,19,79,96,102,111,122],"abolition":[6,159],"of":[7,50,67,160,174,177],"Jim":[8,56,97,161],"Crow":[9,57,98,104,162],"laws":[10,13,163],"(i.e.,":[11],"state":[12],"legalizing":[14],"racial":[15],"discrimination":[16],"overturned":[17],"by":[18],"1964":[20],"US":[21,39,165],"Civil":[22],"Rights":[23],"Act)":[24],"and":[25,41,47,54,62,116,170],"birth":[26],"cohort":[27],"trends":[28],"in":[29,75,95,101,107,146],"infant":[30,43,69,81,147,167],"death":[31,44,70,82,148,168],"rates.":[32],"METHODS:":[33],"analyzed":[35],"1959":[36],"to":[37,77,109,115,132],"2006":[38],"Black":[40,68,80,166],"White":[42,152],"rates":[45,71,149,169],"within":[46],"across":[48,73],"sets":[49],"states":[51],"(polities)":[52],"with":[53],"without":[55],"laws.":[58],"RESULTS:":[59],"Between":[60],"1965":[61],"1969,":[63],"a":[64],"unique":[65],"convergence":[66,141],"occurred":[72,142],"polities;":[74],"1960":[76],"1964,":[78],"rate":[83,112],"was":[84],"1.19":[85],"times":[86],"higher":[87],"(95%":[88,134],"confidence":[89],"interval":[90],"[CI]":[91],"=":[92,136],"1.18,":[93],"1.20)":[94],"polity":[99],"than":[100],"non-Jim":[103],"polity,":[105],"whereas":[106],"1970":[108],"1974":[110],"ratio":[113],"shrank":[114],"remained":[117],"at":[118],"approximately":[119],"1":[120],"(with":[121],"95%":[123],"CI":[124,135],"including":[125],"1)":[126],"until":[127],"2000,":[128],"when":[129],"it":[130],"rose":[131],"1.10":[133],"1.08,":[137],"1.12).":[138],"No":[139],"such":[140],"for":[143,151],"Black-White":[144],"differences":[145],"or":[150],"infants.":[153],"CONCLUSIONS:":[154],"Our":[155],"results":[156],"suggest":[157],"that":[158,171],"affected":[164],"valid":[172],"analysis":[173],"societal":[175],"determinants":[176],"health":[178],"requires":[179],"appropriate":[180],"comparison":[181],"groups.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
