{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073361808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397113510268","title":"A Proposal for Clustering the Dimensions of National Culture","display_name":"A Proposal for Clustering the Dimensions of National Culture","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073361808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397113510268","mag":"2073361808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1069397113510268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397113510268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397113510268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40362259","display_name":"Cross-Cultural Research","issn_l":"0094-3673","issn":["0094-3673","1069-3971","1552-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cross-Cultural Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085242904","display_name":"Ammar Maleki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8763-496X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8763-496X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193700539","display_name":"Tilburg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b8v1s79","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Maleki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tilburg University, Netherlands","#N# 1Tilburg University, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tilburg University, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 1Tilburg University, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006146284","display_name":"Martin de Jong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6554-2458","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6554-2458","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5557-1666"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["CN","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin de Jong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Netherlands and Fudan University, China","#N# 2Delft University of Technology, Netherlands and Fudan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Netherlands and Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 2Delft University of Technology, Netherlands and Fudan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95384041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"2","first_page":"107","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-dimensions","display_name":"cultural dimensions","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-culture","display_name":"national culture","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geert-hofstede","display_name":"Hofstede","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ronald-inglehart","display_name":"Inglehart","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schwartz","display_name":"Schwartz","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globes","display_name":"globes","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualism-collectivism","display_name":"individualism-collectivism","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-distance","display_name":"power distance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-avoidance","display_name":"uncertainty avoidance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indulgence-versus-restraint","display_name":"indulgence versus restraint","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-egalitarianism","display_name":"gender egalitarianism","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67356462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5807210","display_name":"Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory","level":2,"score":0.8938972353935242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119469879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15514847","display_name":"Uncertainty avoidance","level":4,"score":0.7320289015769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546784017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188958","display_name":"Egalitarianism","level":3,"score":0.7193235158920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5956903100013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17022365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995","display_name":"Individualism","level":2,"score":0.5613141059875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96420161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237789","display_name":"Collectivism","level":3,"score":0.5215842127799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.47176888585090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4690312147140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776787332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44777","display_name":"Indulgence","level":2,"score":0.4603841304779053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776453491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659234","display_name":"Harmony (color)","level":2,"score":0.41357314586639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.34791243076324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.3414085805416107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1615014672279358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1069397113510268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397113510268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397113510268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40362259","display_name":"Cross-Cultural Research","issn_l":"0094-3673","issn":["0094-3673","1069-3971","1552-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cross-Cultural Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tilburguniversity.edu:openaire_cris_publications/b865f850-431f-4a54-a1a8-5420597f3390","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/b865f850-431f-4a54-a1a8-5420597f3390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401490","display_name":"Research portal (Tilburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193700539","host_organization_name":"Tilburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Maleki, A & de Jong, M 2014, 'A proposal for clustering the dimensions of national culture', Cross-Cultural Research, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 107-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397113510268","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:uvt:oai:tilburguniversity.edu:publications/b865f850-431f-4a54-a1a8-5420597f3390","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/b865f850-431f-4a54-a1a8-5420597f3390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cross-Cultural Research, 48(2), 107 - 143. SAGE Publications Inc.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113511247","https://openalex.org/W158365607","https://openalex.org/W584890942","https://openalex.org/W634177432","https://openalex.org/W658578291","https://openalex.org/W1005690005","https://openalex.org/W1578052578","https://openalex.org/W1896027656","https://openalex.org/W1977775666","https://openalex.org/W1978311462","https://openalex.org/W1981473848","https://openalex.org/W1992687657","https://openalex.org/W2001501446","https://openalex.org/W2006163775","https://openalex.org/W2006459195","https://openalex.org/W2014164981","https://openalex.org/W2016390178","https://openalex.org/W2019459651","https://openalex.org/W2021583039","https://openalex.org/W2026000422","https://openalex.org/W2030652557","https://openalex.org/W2041643947","https://openalex.org/W2046825178","https://openalex.org/W2052006662","https://openalex.org/W2058738741","https://openalex.org/W2062787529","https://openalex.org/W2063933361","https://openalex.org/W2077599556","https://openalex.org/W2081228936","https://openalex.org/W2090196591","https://openalex.org/W2096926178","https://openalex.org/W2097729617","https://openalex.org/W2101498657","https://openalex.org/W2109289024","https://openalex.org/W2113078929","https://openalex.org/W2119365097","https://openalex.org/W2123383609","https://openalex.org/W2129726527","https://openalex.org/W2130805802","https://openalex.org/W2132768431","https://openalex.org/W2133087357","https://openalex.org/W2140782513","https://openalex.org/W2140918013","https://openalex.org/W2143857845","https://openalex.org/W2144223620","https://openalex.org/W2151342121","https://openalex.org/W2156053659","https://openalex.org/W2161411308","https://openalex.org/W2166477670","https://openalex.org/W2168907003","https://openalex.org/W2172291424","https://openalex.org/W2312515356","https://openalex.org/W2316966198","https://openalex.org/W2323221925","https://openalex.org/W2398863651","https://openalex.org/W2612623102","https://openalex.org/W2787889550","https://openalex.org/W3121686812","https://openalex.org/W3134975742","https://openalex.org/W3173092823","https://openalex.org/W3216524629","https://openalex.org/W4211222200","https://openalex.org/W4214843620","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4385886409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3001609346","https://openalex.org/W2133535394","https://openalex.org/W2004740737","https://openalex.org/W2190354321","https://openalex.org/W7100243223","https://openalex.org/W4242368577","https://openalex.org/W2790191158","https://openalex.org/W2050617976","https://openalex.org/W2128673464","https://openalex.org/W4285168105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"Hofstede":[1],"introduced":[2],"his":[3],"approach":[4],"to":[5,54,86,88],"understanding":[6],"cultural":[7,38,104],"differences":[8],"through":[9,122],"dimensions":[10,39,63,105],"of":[11,35,61,82,91,101,103,147],"national":[12],"culture,":[13],"various":[14],"authors":[15,96],"have":[16,52],"presented":[17],"their":[18],"own":[19],"dimensions,":[20],"sometimes":[21,23,26],"similar,":[22],"different,":[24],"and":[25,48,77,97,110,139,144,179],"partially":[27],"overlapping.":[28],"The":[29,80],"status":[30],"quo":[31],"in":[32,65],"the":[33,56,62,92,118,129],"development":[34],"research":[36],"on":[37,73,107],"can":[40],"now":[41],"be":[42],"qualified":[43],"by":[44,116,132],"two":[45],"words:":[46],"enriched":[47],"messy.":[49],"Some":[50],"scholars":[51],"attempted":[53],"bring":[55],"most":[57],"likely":[58],"common":[59,78],"denominators":[60],"together":[64],"an":[66,123],"overview,":[67],"but":[68],"these":[69],"attempts":[70],"were":[71],"based":[72,106],"ad":[74],"hoc":[75],"considerations":[76],"sense.":[79],"goal":[81],"this":[83],"article":[84],"is":[85,114],"come":[87],"a":[89,99,145],"synthesis":[90],"insights":[93],"from":[94],"relevant":[95],"present":[98],"set":[100],"clusters":[102,121],"systematic":[108],"theoretical":[109],"statistical":[111],"analysis.":[112,126],"This":[113],"done":[115],"testing":[117],"conceptually":[119],"established":[120],"ecological":[124],"factor":[125],"We":[127],"included":[128],"work":[130],"produced":[131],"Hofstede,":[133],"Inglehart,":[134],"Schwartz,":[135],"GLOBE":[136],"(Global":[137],"Leadership":[138],"Organizational":[140],"Behavior":[141],"Effectiveness),":[142],"Minkov,":[143],"number":[146],"well-known":[148],"qualitative":[149],"authors,":[150],"ending":[151],"up":[152],"with":[153],"nine":[154],"exclusive":[155],"clusters:":[156],"Individualism":[157],"versus":[158,166,169,172,175],"Collectivism,":[159],"Power":[160],"Distance,":[161],"Uncertainty":[162],"Avoidance":[163],"(UA),":[164],"Mastery":[165],"Harmony,":[167],"Traditionalism":[168],"Secularism,":[170],"Indulgence":[171],"Restraint,":[173],"Assertiveness":[174],"Tenderness,":[176],"Gender":[177],"Egalitarianism,":[178],"Collaborativeness.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
