{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073360576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.7.4980","title":"Evaluation of the Integrity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Insulin Hypoglycemia Test","display_name":"Evaluation of the Integrity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Insulin Hypoglycemia Test","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073360576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.7.4980","mag":"2073360576","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9661607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1210/jcem.83.7.4980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.7.4980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.7.4980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205775358","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","issn_l":"0021-972X","issn":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026679730","display_name":"Erdin\u00e7 Ert\u00fcrk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2399-6608","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2399-6608"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erdinc Erturk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026787035","display_name":"Craig A. Jaffe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig A. Jaffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070156813","display_name":"Ariel L. Barkan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-0248","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-0248"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariel L. Barkan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":204,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83851764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"7","first_page":"2350","last_page":"2354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12421","display_name":"Adrenal Hormones and Disorders","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12421","display_name":"Adrenal Hormones and Disorders","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10529","display_name":"Stress Responses and Cortisol","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2802","display_name":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10832","display_name":"Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis","display_name":"hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-hypoglycemia-test","display_name":"insulin hypoglycemia test","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acth-deficiency","display_name":"ACTH deficiency","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acth-stimulation-test","display_name":"ACTH stimulation test","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortisol-response","display_name":"cortisol response","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-cortisol","display_name":"basal cortisol","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-criteria","display_name":"diagnostic criteria","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-and-false-negative-rates","display_name":"false positive and false negative rates","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-response","display_name":"stress response","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.8511056900024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.8319976329803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202758","display_name":"Hypoglycemia","level":3,"score":0.7384416460990906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.6515523195266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779113265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107525054","display_name":"Insulin tolerance test","level":5,"score":0.6135317087173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778709874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190875","display_name":"Hydrocortisone","level":2,"score":0.5951076745986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5776442885398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779146795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369123","display_name":"Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis","level":3,"score":0.5598545670509338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780546910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185690","display_name":"Adrenocorticotropic hormone","level":3,"score":0.5424131155014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19720800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7722","display_name":"Morning","level":2,"score":0.4969361126422882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.4423758387565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5173333","display_name":"Cortisol awakening response","level":3,"score":0.4341660737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.21655842661857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.20336386561393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017594256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin sensitivity","level":4,"score":0.09724855422973633}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007030","descriptor_name":"Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010913","descriptor_name":"Pituitary-Adrenal System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1210/jcem.83.7.4980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.7.4980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.7.4980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205775358","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","issn_l":"0021-972X","issn":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1210/jc.83.7.2350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.83.7.2350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.83.7.2350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205775358","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","issn_l":"0021-972X","issn":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9661607","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9661607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8696770672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-38449","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1878753776","https://openalex.org/W1963650007","https://openalex.org/W1966491055","https://openalex.org/W1976930260","https://openalex.org/W1985314850","https://openalex.org/W2004048884","https://openalex.org/W2022797516","https://openalex.org/W2028780099","https://openalex.org/W2039022629","https://openalex.org/W2040767304","https://openalex.org/W2045146626","https://openalex.org/W2046065643","https://openalex.org/W2049105058","https://openalex.org/W2049138169","https://openalex.org/W2058190782","https://openalex.org/W2059439837","https://openalex.org/W2060004264","https://openalex.org/W2061145867","https://openalex.org/W2065181564","https://openalex.org/W2069133047","https://openalex.org/W2085750098","https://openalex.org/W2089433743","https://openalex.org/W2103069083","https://openalex.org/W2151871224","https://openalex.org/W2408928036","https://openalex.org/W2410454613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997717192","https://openalex.org/W1788963000","https://openalex.org/W2053276613","https://openalex.org/W2025853082","https://openalex.org/W2058190782","https://openalex.org/W2167870121","https://openalex.org/W7131859600","https://openalex.org/W2023232642","https://openalex.org/W2085964188","https://openalex.org/W1505023982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,173],"retrospectively":[1],"reviewed":[2],"dynamic":[3],"ACTH":[4,16,59,81,91],"and":[5,52,62,131,169,192,216,220],"cortisol":[6,34,64,76,104,145,161,181,207],"responses":[7],"to":[8,18,57,80,211,239],"insulin":[9,222],"hypoglycemia":[10,223],"in":[11,78,143,188,205],"193":[12],"subjects":[13,42,54],"with":[14,165],"suspected":[15],"deficiency":[17],"ascertain":[19],"the":[20,29,152,159,177,197,226,230,233,236],"predictive":[21,115,186],"values":[22,105,126],"of":[23,31,36,116,135,146,158,199,229,232,235],"various":[24],"diagnostic":[25],"criteria.":[26],"Based":[27],"on":[28,202],"achievement":[30],"a":[32,156],"peak":[33,63,90],"level":[35],"18":[37],"micrograms/dL":[38,88,108,112,150],"or":[39,109,119,154],"above,":[40],"133":[41],"were":[43,55,66,113,163],"classified":[44],"as":[45,140,155],"having":[46],"an":[47,117,141],"intact":[48,118],"hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal":[49],"(HPA)":[50],"axis,":[51,122],"60":[53],"determined":[56],"have":[58],"deficiency.":[60],"Baseline":[61],"concentrations":[65],"strongly":[67],"correlated":[68],"(r":[69,97],"=":[70,98],"0.63;":[71],"P":[72,100],"<":[73,101],"0.0001).":[74,102],"Peak":[75],"increased":[77],"parallel":[79],"increments,":[82],"but":[83,124],"plateaued":[84],"at":[85,89],"approximately":[86,94],"22":[87],"levels":[92],"above":[93,106,151],"75":[95],"pg/mL":[96],"0.61;":[99],"Basal":[103],"17":[107],"below":[110],"4":[111],"highly":[114],"impaired":[120,193],"HPA":[121,136,194,237],"respectively,":[123],"intermediate":[125],"had":[127],"only":[128],"limited":[129,185],"sensitivity":[130],"specificity.":[132],"The":[133],"criteria":[134,200],"axis":[137,238],"integrity,":[138],"defined":[139],"increment":[142],"plasma":[144],"more":[147],"than":[148],"7":[149],"baseline":[153,160,178,209],"doubling":[157],"value,":[162],"associated":[164],"high":[166,213],"false":[167,170,214,217],"positive":[168,215],"negative":[171,218],"rates.":[172],"conclude":[174],"that":[175],"1)":[176],"morning":[179],"serum":[180,206],"concentration":[182],"has":[183],"very":[184],"power":[187],"differentiating":[189],"between":[190],"normal":[191],"function;":[195],"2)":[196],"use":[198],"based":[201],"incremental":[203],"changes":[204],"from":[208],"leads":[210],"unacceptably":[212],"rates;":[219],"3)":[221],"is":[224],"still":[225],"best":[227],"indicator":[228],"integrity":[231],"response":[234],"stress.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
