{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073128200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414290111","title":"Ten-percent solar-to-fuel conversion with nonprecious materials","display_name":"Ten-percent solar-to-fuel conversion with nonprecious materials","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073128200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414290111","mag":"2073128200","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25225379","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4191778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1414290111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414290111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414290111","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/39/14057.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2073128200"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/39/14057.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002838018","display_name":"Casandra R. Cox","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Casandra R. Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041694106","display_name":"Jungwoo Zema Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungwoo Z. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056442308","display_name":"Daniel G. Nocera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-320X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-320X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel G. Nocera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085344547","display_name":"Tonio Buonassisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-4937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-4937"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tonio Buonassisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.644,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":371,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9912723,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"111","issue":"39","first_page":"14057","last_page":"14061"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10078","display_name":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","score":0.5443999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10078","display_name":"Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques","score":0.5443999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.14169999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.13439999520778656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-splitting","display_name":"water splitting","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystalline-silicon-photovoltaics","display_name":"crystalline silicon photovoltaics","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-evolution-reaction-catalysts","display_name":"hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-evolution-reaction-catalysts","display_name":"oxygen evolution reaction catalysts","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-precious-metal-catalysts","display_name":"non-noble metal catalysts","score":0.8600000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.7565500736236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6102160215377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5479854345321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5161129236221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779667780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18206302","display_name":"Crystalline silicon","level":3,"score":0.5148626565933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.4592265188694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.43790942430496216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.4337720572948456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144822601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11271324","display_name":"Energy transformation","level":2,"score":0.42176973819732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.4209294319152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.417986124753952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.34559404850006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24216890335083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20332399010658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.15177154541015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14222106337547302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1150469183921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07039976119995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1414290111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414290111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414290111","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/39/14057.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25225379","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25225379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4191778","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4191778/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/41461178","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41461178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/96320","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1414290111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414290111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414290111","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/39/14057.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1900080931","display_name":"CAREER:Toward robust, scalable, and non-intermittent solar power: Silicon-based multijunction devices with integrated photocatalysis","funder_award_id":"1150878","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8679705529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1150878","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309369","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2073128200.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2073128200.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W571043290","https://openalex.org/W1963597613","https://openalex.org/W1966217622","https://openalex.org/W1967235816","https://openalex.org/W1971113415","https://openalex.org/W1980880762","https://openalex.org/W1982685288","https://openalex.org/W1983101755","https://openalex.org/W1984916412","https://openalex.org/W1986783341","https://openalex.org/W1986829915","https://openalex.org/W1989500990","https://openalex.org/W1991003106","https://openalex.org/W1992440857","https://openalex.org/W1992548298","https://openalex.org/W1996918851","https://openalex.org/W1997110840","https://openalex.org/W2000693394","https://openalex.org/W2002504665","https://openalex.org/W2003818088","https://openalex.org/W2004770241","https://openalex.org/W2008934502","https://openalex.org/W2015173427","https://openalex.org/W2018936257","https://openalex.org/W2023116072","https://openalex.org/W2032100925","https://openalex.org/W2038591363","https://openalex.org/W2056426718","https://openalex.org/W2063404506","https://openalex.org/W2064104015","https://openalex.org/W2067004573","https://openalex.org/W2067238339","https://openalex.org/W2067529228","https://openalex.org/W2067664075","https://openalex.org/W2070603801","https://openalex.org/W2080372007","https://openalex.org/W2082345487","https://openalex.org/W2086758880","https://openalex.org/W2087706475","https://openalex.org/W2087711856","https://openalex.org/W2089130501","https://openalex.org/W2089945505","https://openalex.org/W2093574181","https://openalex.org/W2094143846","https://openalex.org/W2098811911","https://openalex.org/W2121958253","https://openalex.org/W2126113446","https://openalex.org/W2126680094","https://openalex.org/W2136222338","https://openalex.org/W2138111524","https://openalex.org/W2157920482","https://openalex.org/W2161452689","https://openalex.org/W2161881475","https://openalex.org/W2165332053","https://openalex.org/W2315978643","https://openalex.org/W2321284911","https://openalex.org/W2322065704","https://openalex.org/W2323651114","https://openalex.org/W2328504595","https://openalex.org/W2614884730","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127665124","https://openalex.org/W1981269306","https://openalex.org/W1992548298","https://openalex.org/W2272802915","https://openalex.org/W2120210243","https://openalex.org/W2517521520","https://openalex.org/W3186707209","https://openalex.org/W4391023104","https://openalex.org/W2517911987","https://openalex.org/W7161293668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Direct":[0],"solar-to-fuels":[1,18,82],"conversion":[2],"can":[3,23],"be":[4,24],"achieved":[5,25],"by":[6],"coupling":[7],"a":[8,17,35,39,45],"photovoltaic":[9,41],"device":[10,43],"with":[11,26],"water-splitting":[12],"catalysts.":[13],"We":[14,33],"demonstrate":[15],"that":[16],"efficiency":[19],"(SFE)":[20],">":[21],"10%":[22],"nonprecious,":[27],"low-cost,":[28],"and":[29,50,54],"commercially":[30],"ready":[31],"materials.":[32],"present":[34],"systems":[36],"design":[37],"of":[38],"modular":[40],"(PV)-electrochemical":[42],"comprising":[44],"crystalline":[46,75],"silicon":[47,76],"PV":[48],"minimodule":[49],"low-cost":[51],"hydrogen-evolution":[52],"reaction":[53,56],"oxygen-evolution":[55],"catalysts,":[57],"without":[58],"power":[59],"electronics.":[60],"This":[61],"approach":[62],"allows":[63],"for":[64,80],"facile":[65],"optimization":[66],"en":[67],"route":[68],"to":[69],"addressing":[70],"lower-cost":[71],"devices":[72],"relying":[73],"on":[74],"at":[77],"high":[78],"SFEs":[79],"direct":[81],"conversion.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}