{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073057281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rfs.525.0117","title":"The Genesis of the Medical Field: France, 1795-1870","display_name":"The Genesis of the Medical Field: France, 1795-1870","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073057281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rfs.525.0117","mag":"2073057281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3917/rfs.525.0117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rfs.525.0117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rfs.525.0117","pdf_url":"https://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RFS_525_0117&download=1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70949411","display_name":"Revue Fran\u00e7aise de Sociologie","issn_l":"0035-2969","issn":["0035-2969","1958-5691"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320635","host_organization_name":"Editions Ophrys","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320635"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Editions Ophrys"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revue fran\u00e7aise de sociologie","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RFS_525_0117&download=1","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045817773","display_name":"Patrice Pinell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167276","display_name":"Centre de Sociologie Europ\u00e9enne","ror":"https://ror.org/05qn0z879","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210089394","https://openalex.org/I4210101081","https://openalex.org/I4210139971","https://openalex.org/I4210150854","https://openalex.org/I4210167276","https://openalex.org/I51101395","https://openalex.org/I90669466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90669466","display_name":"\u00c9cole des hautes \u00e9tudes en sciences sociales","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9dg697","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90669466"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrice Pinell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de Sociologie Europ\u00e9enne (CSE) CNRS\u00a0\u2013\u00a0\u00c9cole des Hautes \u00c9tudes en Sciences Sociales 59-61, rue Pouchet\u00a0\u2013\u00a075017\u00a0Paris Previously published: RFS, 2009, 50-2"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de Sociologie Europ\u00e9enne (CSE) CNRS\u00a0\u2013\u00a0\u00c9cole des Hautes \u00c9tudes en Sciences Sociales 59-61, rue Pouchet\u00a0\u2013\u00a075017\u00a0Paris Previously published: RFS, 2009, 50-2","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210167276","https://openalex.org/I90669466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045817773"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210167276","https://openalex.org/I90669466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29465243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"Vol. 52","issue":"5","first_page":"117","last_page":"151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.9121000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.9121000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.04520000144839287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine","display_name":"history of medicine","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-field","display_name":"medical field","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-medicine","display_name":"clinical medicine","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-medicine","display_name":"social medicine","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auxiliary-sciences","display_name":"auxiliary sciences","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-physicians","display_name":"hospital physicians","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-examinations","display_name":"competitive examinations","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professionalization-of-medicine","display_name":"professionalization of medicine","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-authority","display_name":"medical authority","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.8311362266540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6086642742156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5967342853546143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985722590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical knowledge","level":2,"score":0.49522605538368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4894370138645172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.48681923747062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195732255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q981008","display_name":"Sociology of scientific knowledge","level":2,"score":0.46153342723846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3564210832118988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32757148146629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.32529425621032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3246361017227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2607135772705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26061248779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1660315990447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15744340419769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08144092559814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3917/rfs.525.0117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rfs.525.0117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rfs.525.0117","pdf_url":"https://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RFS_525_0117&download=1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70949411","display_name":"Revue Fran\u00e7aise de Sociologie","issn_l":"0035-2969","issn":["0035-2969","1958-5691"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320635","host_organization_name":"Editions Ophrys","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320635"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Editions Ophrys"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revue fran\u00e7aise de sociologie","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cairn.info:RFS_525_0117","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://shs.cairn.info/revue-francaise-de-sociologie-1-2011-5-page-117?lang=en","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923042","display_name":"Cairn.info","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405258322","host_organization_name":"Cairn.info","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258322"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"other"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Revue fran\u00e7aise de sociologie | 52 | 5 | 2012-01-10 | p. 117-151 | 0035-2969","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3917/rfs.525.0117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rfs.525.0117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rfs.525.0117","pdf_url":"https://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RFS_525_0117&download=1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70949411","display_name":"Revue Fran\u00e7aise de Sociologie","issn_l":"0035-2969","issn":["0035-2969","1958-5691"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320635","host_organization_name":"Editions Ophrys","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320635"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Editions Ophrys"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Revue fran\u00e7aise de sociologie","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2073057281.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2073057281.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208972989","https://openalex.org/W585211328","https://openalex.org/W1018937461","https://openalex.org/W1517124072","https://openalex.org/W1620387445","https://openalex.org/W1856920219","https://openalex.org/W1966292577","https://openalex.org/W1989637108","https://openalex.org/W2003628832","https://openalex.org/W2010372042","https://openalex.org/W2057316151","https://openalex.org/W2063065069","https://openalex.org/W2071048351","https://openalex.org/W2091315617","https://openalex.org/W2094494657","https://openalex.org/W2156959761","https://openalex.org/W2296349011","https://openalex.org/W2330887684","https://openalex.org/W2468690230","https://openalex.org/W2472662513","https://openalex.org/W2903301869","https://openalex.org/W4240671868","https://openalex.org/W6617342112","https://openalex.org/W6634511167","https://openalex.org/W7020368584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2915606403","https://openalex.org/W409174600","https://openalex.org/W2103940369","https://openalex.org/W4388358466","https://openalex.org/W2101371286","https://openalex.org/W4206058375","https://openalex.org/W7139180150","https://openalex.org/W4206727309","https://openalex.org/W4206015288","https://openalex.org/W1968727339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0],"characterized":[1],"the":[2,13,22,25,55,79,105,113,117,133,163,175],"medical":[3,16,64,86,140],"field":[4],"in":[5,7,104,148,188,203],"France":[6],"1795":[8],"as":[9],"it":[10,30,160],"emerged":[11],"from":[12],"reconstruction":[14],"of":[15,24,67,70,84,97,119,127,135,165,179,197],"and":[17,51,74,90,122,130,142,146,177,183,193],"scientific":[18,73],"institutions":[19],"consequent":[20],"to":[21,61,82,111,173],"abolition":[23],"Ancien":[26],"R\u00e9gime":[27],"was":[28,161,171],"that":[29,169],"had":[31],"already":[32],"been":[33],"differentiated":[34],"into":[35],"three":[36],"distinct":[37,41],"spaces":[38,44,118,151,168],"constructed":[39],"around":[40],"institutions.":[42],"These":[43],"respectively":[45],"produced":[46],"clinical":[47,106],"medicine,":[48,50],"social":[49,75,120],"what":[52],"were":[53],"termed":[54],"sciences":[56,59,124],"accessoires":[57],"(i.e.,":[58],"auxiliary":[60,123],"medicine).":[62],"The":[63],"field\u2014the":[65],"product":[66],"a":[68,95],"set":[69],"closely":[71],"interrelated":[72],"determinants,":[76],"all":[77],"concerning":[78],"functions":[80],"assigned":[81],"hospitals":[83],"producing":[85],"knowledge,":[87],"training":[88],"physicians":[89,103],"selecting":[91],"an":[92,185],"elite":[93],"through":[94,132,162],"system":[96],"competitive":[98],"examinations\u2014was":[99],"dominated":[100,167],"by":[101,155],"hospital":[102],"space.":[107],"That":[108],"domination":[109],"worked":[110],"preserve":[112],"field\u2019s":[114],"autonomy,":[115],"since":[116],"medicine":[121,170],"overlapped":[125],"those":[126,149,166],"other":[128,156],"fields":[129],"developed":[131],"construction":[134],"hybrid":[136],"rather":[137],"than":[138],"specifically":[139],"knowledge":[141,145,196],"practices;":[143],"i.e.,":[144],"practices":[147,182],"two":[150],"could":[152],"be":[153],"mastered":[154],"professional":[157],"groups.":[158],"However,":[159],"development":[164],"able":[172],"extend":[174],"variety":[176],"types":[178],"its":[180,201],"own":[181],"assume":[184],"active":[186],"role":[187],"preventing":[189],"disease,":[190],"reducing":[191],"mortality":[192],"pushing":[194],"forward":[195],"life,":[198],"thereby":[199],"increasing":[200],"authority":[202],"French":[204],"society.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
