{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072909031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3524197","title":"Design concepts of terahertz quantum cascade lasers: Proposal for terahertz laser efficiency improvements","display_name":"Design concepts of terahertz quantum cascade lasers: Proposal for terahertz laser efficiency improvements","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072909031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3524197","mag":"2072909031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3524197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3524197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3524197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047754095","display_name":"Tillmann Kubis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-6162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-6162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tillmann Kubis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Birk Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Birk Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047573772","display_name":"Saumitra Mehrotra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3447-7822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3447-7822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saumitra Raj Mehrotra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Birk Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Birk Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002176646","display_name":"Gerhard Klimeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-773X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-773X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Klimeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Birk Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Birk Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84011523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":"26","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.44209998846054077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.44209998846054077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.2605000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.15770000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-quantum-cascade-lasers","display_name":"terahertz quantum cascade lasers","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-thermalization","display_name":"electron thermalization","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-gain","display_name":"optical gain","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-current","display_name":"threshold current","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonequilibrium-green-s-function","display_name":"non-equilibrium Green's function","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alloy-scattering","display_name":"alloy scattering","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-transport","display_name":"electron transport","score":0.5720000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.9167519807815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.7468621134757996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6694363355636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5905172824859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15359245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347805","display_name":"Thermalisation","level":2,"score":0.5380806922912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407411","display_name":"Quantum cascade laser","level":3,"score":0.5351724624633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29169072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521166","display_name":"Quantum well","level":3,"score":0.44505229592323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.4316443204879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116659846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187834","display_name":"Photomixing","level":5,"score":0.4308476150035858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4134441018104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133033976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2054070","display_name":"Far-infrared laser","level":3,"score":0.38456565141677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3820858597755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.35492879152297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.13878554105758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.114291250705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112184408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7701523","display_name":"Terahertz metamaterials","level":4,"score":0.08558425307273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3524197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3524197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3524197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:nanopub-1732","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/nanopub/723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196310","display_name":"Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801333002","host_organization_name":"Purdue University System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801333002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Birck and NCN Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501745894","https://openalex.org/W1973099965","https://openalex.org/W1973602135","https://openalex.org/W1978662647","https://openalex.org/W1983047443","https://openalex.org/W1990951862","https://openalex.org/W2001287447","https://openalex.org/W2009465374","https://openalex.org/W2017984953","https://openalex.org/W2027699987","https://openalex.org/W2028619024","https://openalex.org/W2028877399","https://openalex.org/W2030548206","https://openalex.org/W2062967369","https://openalex.org/W2064542949","https://openalex.org/W2066605961","https://openalex.org/W2066772686","https://openalex.org/W2079729715","https://openalex.org/W2082379516","https://openalex.org/W2088704861","https://openalex.org/W2138872331"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126588706","https://openalex.org/W4281664561","https://openalex.org/W2002402822","https://openalex.org/W2049896908","https://openalex.org/W2946727145","https://openalex.org/W2070736755","https://openalex.org/W1966760839","https://openalex.org/W2587971997","https://openalex.org/W1973602135","https://openalex.org/W3172053389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conceptual":[0],"disadvantages":[1],"of":[2,36],"typical":[3],"resonant":[4],"phonon":[5],"terahertz":[6],"quantum":[7],"cascade":[8],"lasers":[9],"(THz-QCLs)":[10],"are":[11,23,32],"analyzed.":[12],"Alternative":[13],"designs":[14],"and":[15,49,69,84],"their":[16],"combination":[17],"within":[18],"a":[19,76,80,85],"concrete":[20],"device":[21],"proposal":[22],"discussed":[24],"to":[25,64],"improve":[26],"the":[27,37,94],"QCL":[28,95],"performance.":[29,96],"The":[30,57,72],"improvements":[31],"(1)":[33],"indirect":[34],"pumping":[35],"upper":[38],"laser":[39],"level,":[40],"(2)":[41],"diagonal":[42],"optical":[43,70,78],"transitions,":[44],"(3)":[45],"complete":[46],"electron":[47,55,67],"thermalization,":[48],"(4)":[50],"materials":[51],"with":[52],"low":[53],"effective":[54],"masses.":[56],"nonequilibrium":[58],"Green\u2019s":[59],"function":[60],"method":[61],"is":[62],"applied":[63],"predict":[65],"stationary":[66],"transport":[68],"gain.":[71],"proposed":[73],"THz-QCL":[74],"shows":[75],"higher":[77,86],"gain,":[79],"lower":[81],"threshold":[82],"current,":[83],"operation":[87],"temperature.":[88],"Alloy":[89],"disorder":[90],"scattering":[91],"can":[92],"worsen":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}